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Y3 Neurology > Anatomy - PNS > Flashcards

Anatomy - PNS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic unit of the nervous system?

A

the neurones

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2
Q

what is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

nucleus

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3
Q

what is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called?

A

ganglion

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4
Q

what are the two main types of neurones?

A

multipolar

unipolar

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5
Q

describe the structure of a multipolar neuron

A

two or more dendrites

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6
Q

what is the most common type of neurone?

A

multipolar

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7
Q

where are multipolar neurones located?

A

cell body = CNS

axon = PNS

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8
Q

what type of neurone are multipolar neurones usually?

A

motor

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9
Q

what is another name for a motor neurone?

A

efferent

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10
Q

what is another name for a unipolar neurone?

A

pseudo unipolar

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11
Q

where are unipolar neurones found?

A

PNS

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12
Q

describe the appearance of a unipolar neurone

A

cell body has a single process that then splits into a dendrite and an axon

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13
Q

what type of neurone are unipolar neurones usually?

A

sensory

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14
Q

what is another name for a sensory neurone?

A

afferent

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15
Q

what is a nerve?

A

a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue in the PNS

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16
Q

what is a group of axons called in the CNS?

A

tract

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17
Q

what fibres does a mixed modality nerve contain?

A

somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic

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18
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

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19
Q

what are the 31 spinal nerves?

A 
C1-C8
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
Co1
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20
Q

what are spinal nerves named according to?

A

their vertebral column exit level

cervical - vertebra below
all others - vertebra above

21
Q

where are spinal nerves located?

A

the intervertebral foramina

22
Q

how do spinal nerves connect with the soma?

A

via rami

23
Q

how do spinal nerves connect with the spinal cord?

A

via roots and rootlets

24
Q

describe the route of sensory axons into the spinal cord

A

spinal nerve
posterior root
posterior rootlets
posterior horn of the spinal cord

25
Q

describe the route of motor axons out of the spinal cord

A

anterior horn of the spinal cord
anterior rootlets
anterior root
spinal nerve

26
Q

what modalities are located in the roots and rootlets?

A

only ONE

anterior = motor 
posterior = sensory
27
Q

what modalities are found in the rami and spinal nerves?

A

both sensory and motor

28
Q

what is the location of the cell bodies of primary sensory neurone?

A

dorsal root ganglion

29
Q

what is a dermatome?

A

the area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

30
Q

what is a myotome?

A

the skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

31
Q

what dermatome is the nipple found in?

A

T4

32
Q

what dermatome is the umbilicus found in?

A

T10

33
Q

what is the name of the dermatomal body map?

A

foerster map

34
Q

what dermatomes cover the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

A

C2-C4

35
Q

what dermatomes cover the upper limb?

A

C5-T1

36
Q

what dermatomes cover the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum?

A

L2-Co1

37
Q

why is there no obvious C1 dermatome?

A

in some patients the C1 dorsal root can be very small or even absent

38
Q

what does dysfunction in a single dorsal root cause and why?

A

hypoesthesia

there is overlap between spinal nerves

39
Q

what is hypoesthesia?

A

diminished sensation

40
Q

what would be required to cause dermatomal anaesthesia?

A

damage to a central dorsal root and the ones above and below it

41
Q

what is a nerve plexus?

A

the intermingled anterior rami from a number of adjacent spinal nerves

42
Q

what rami make up the cervical plexus?

A

C1-C4

43
Q

what rami make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

44
Q

what rami make up the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

45
Q

what rami make up the sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

46
Q

what area is supplied by the cervical plexus?

A

posterior scalp
neck
diaphragm

47
Q

what area is supplied by the brachial plexus?

A

upper limb

48
Q

what area is supplied by the lumbar plexus?

A

lower limb

49
Q

what area is supplied by the sacral plexus?

A

lower limb
gluteal region
perineum

Y3 Neurology (31 decks)

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