Anatomy - PNS

Question 1

what is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Answer 1

the neurones

Question 2

what is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

Answer 2

nucleus

Question 3

what is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called?

Answer 3

ganglion

Question 4

what are the two main types of neurones?

Answer 4

multipolar

unipolar

Question 5

describe the structure of a multipolar neuron

Answer 5

two or more dendrites

Question 6

what is the most common type of neurone?

Answer 6

multipolar

Question 7

where are multipolar neurones located?

Answer 7

cell body = CNS

axon = PNS

Question 8

what type of neurone are multipolar neurones usually?

Answer 8

motor

Question 9

what is another name for a motor neurone?

Answer 9

efferent

Question 10

what is another name for a unipolar neurone?

Answer 10

pseudo unipolar

Question 11

where are unipolar neurones found?

Answer 11

PNS

Question 12

describe the appearance of a unipolar neurone

Answer 12

cell body has a single process that then splits into a dendrite and an axon

Question 13

what type of neurone are unipolar neurones usually?

Answer 13

sensory

Question 14

what is another name for a sensory neurone?

Answer 14

afferent

Question 15

what is a nerve?

Answer 15

a collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue in the PNS

Question 16

what is a group of axons called in the CNS?

Answer 16

tract

Question 17

what fibres does a mixed modality nerve contain?

Answer 17

somatic motor
somatic sensory
sympathetic

Question 18

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 18

31

Question 19

what are the 31 spinal nerves?

Answer 19

C1-C8
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
Co1

Question 20

what are spinal nerves named according to?

Answer 20

their vertebral column exit level

cervical - vertebra below
all others - vertebra above

Question 21

where are spinal nerves located?

Answer 21

the intervertebral foramina

Question 22

how do spinal nerves connect with the soma?

Answer 22

via rami

Question 23

how do spinal nerves connect with the spinal cord?

Answer 23

via roots and rootlets

Question 24

describe the route of sensory axons into the spinal cord

Answer 24

spinal nerve
posterior root
posterior rootlets
posterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 25

describe the route of motor axons out of the spinal cord

Answer 25

anterior horn of the spinal cord anterior rootlets anterior root spinal nerve

Question 26

what modalities are located in the roots and rootlets?

Answer 26

only ONE ``` anterior = motor posterior = sensory ```

Question 27

what modalities are found in the rami and spinal nerves?

Answer 27

both sensory and motor

Question 28

what is the location of the cell bodies of primary sensory neurone?

Answer 28

dorsal root ganglion

Question 29

what is a dermatome?

Answer 29

the area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 30

what is a myotome?

Answer 30

the skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 31

what dermatome is the nipple found in?

Answer 31

T4

Question 32

what dermatome is the umbilicus found in?

Answer 32

T10

Question 33

what is the name of the dermatomal body map?

Answer 33

foerster map

Question 34

what dermatomes cover the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

Answer 34

C2-C4

Question 35

what dermatomes cover the upper limb?

Answer 35

C5-T1

Question 36

what dermatomes cover the lower limb, gluteal region and perineum?

Answer 36

L2-Co1

Question 37

why is there no obvious C1 dermatome?

Answer 37

in some patients the C1 dorsal root can be very small or even absent

Question 38

what does dysfunction in a single dorsal root cause and why?

Answer 38

hypoesthesia there is overlap between spinal nerves

Question 39

what is hypoesthesia?

Answer 39

diminished sensation

Question 40

what would be required to cause dermatomal anaesthesia?

Answer 40

damage to a central dorsal root and the ones above and below it

Question 41

what is a nerve plexus?

Answer 41

the intermingled anterior rami from a number of adjacent spinal nerves

Question 42

what rami make up the cervical plexus?

Answer 42

C1-C4

Question 43

what rami make up the brachial plexus?

Answer 43

C5-T1

Question 44

what rami make up the lumbar plexus?

Answer 44

L1-L4

Question 45

what rami make up the sacral plexus?

Answer 45

L5-S4

Question 46

what area is supplied by the cervical plexus?

Answer 46

posterior scalp neck diaphragm

Question 47

what area is supplied by the brachial plexus?

Answer 47

upper limb

Question 48

what area is supplied by the lumbar plexus?

Answer 48

lower limb

Question 49

what area is supplied by the sacral plexus?

Answer 49

lower limb gluteal region perineum