Motor Neurone Disease Flashcards
how is MND diagnosed?
clinical diagnosis
can do neurophysiology to support this
how does MND often present?
muscle weakness
problems with speech, swallow and breathing
describe the course of disease in MND
focal onset
spreads until finally causing a generalised paresis if left untreated
what is the most common subtype of MND?
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
what is the average survival in MND?
three years
what four conditions are considered to be MND?
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
primary lateral sclerosis
progressive muscular atrophy
progressive bulbar palsy
how does ALS present?
UMN and LMN features
how does primary lateral sclerosis present?
UMN features
how does progressive muscular atrophy present?
subclinical UMN features
LMN features
name some upper motor neurone signs that may be seen in MND
increased tone hyper-reflexia extensor plantar responses spastic gait exaggerated jaw jerks slowed movements
name some lower motor neurone signs that may be seen in MND
muscle wasting
weakness
fasciculations
absent/reduced deep tendon reflexes
what is one of the main causes of death in MND
weakness of respiratory muscles
what are the red flag respiratory signs in MND?
breathlessness orthopnoea recurrent infection disturbed/non refreshing sleep daytime sleepiness poor concentration
what defines progressive bulbar palsy?
primary bulbar onset of symptoms
who is most commonly affected by progressive bulbar palsy?
women more commonly than men
60-80 years of age
