Neuroanatomy - Overview of the CNS

Question 1

what are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS

PNS

Question 2

what makes up the CNS?

Answer 2

brain

spinal cord

Question 3

what makes up the PNS?

Answer 3

all other nervous tissue

Question 4

describe the appearance of the neural tube at around four weeks

Answer 4

three swellings called the primary vesicles are present

Question 5

what are the three primary vesicles called?

Answer 5

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Question 6

which two primary vesicles subdivide to form the secondary vesicles?

Answer 6

prosencephalon (first)

rhombencephalon (third)

Question 7

what are the two divisions of the prosencephalon?

Answer 7

telencephalon

diencephalon

Question 8

what are the two divisions of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 8

metencephalon

myelencephalon

Question 9

when do the secondary vesicles form?

Answer 9

6-8 weeks development

Question 10

what are the five secondary vesicles?

Answer 10

telencephalon 
diencephalon 
mesencephalon 
metencephalon 
myelencephalon

Question 11

what parts of the mature brain are formed by the telencephalon?

Answer 11

cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

what parts of the mature brain are formed by the diencephalon?

Answer 12

thalamus

hypothalamus

Question 13

what parts of the mature brain are formed by the mesencephalon?

Answer 13

midbrain

Question 14

what parts of the mature brain are formed by the metencephalon?

Answer 14

pons

cerebellum

Question 15

what parts of the mature brain are formed by the myelencephalon?

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

Question 16

what forms the brainstem?

Answer 16

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

Question 17

what cells are the communicators and main active cells of the CNS?

Answer 17

neurons

Question 18

what is the most common type of neurones?

Answer 18

multipolar

Question 19

what does a multipolar neuron look like?

Answer 19

many dendrites

one axon

Question 20

what are the support cells of the nervous system called?

Answer 20

glial cells

Question 21

where is connective tissue found in the CNS?

Answer 21

nowhere silly smh

Question 22

what are the four main types of glial cells?

Answer 22

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

Question 23

describe the appearance of an astrocyte

Answer 23

many processes

star shaped

Question 24

what roles does an astrocyte have?

Answer 24

support
maintaining the BBB
homeostasis

Question 25

what do oligodendrocytes do?

Answer 25

produce myelin in the CNS

Question 26

what cells produce myelin in the PNS?

Answer 26

Schwann cells

Question 27

describe the structure and function of an oligodendrocyte?

Answer 27

numerous branches that extend to produce internodes of myelin around axons

Question 28

what is the gap between two adjacent internodes in an oligodendrocyte?

Answer 28

the node of ranvier

Question 29

where do microglia originate?

Answer 29

bone marrow haemopoietic in origin

Question 30

what is the role of microglia?

Answer 30

immune monitoring | antigen presentation

Question 31

what does an inactive microglia look like?

Answer 31

elongated nucleus | short processes

Question 32

what does an active microglia look like?

Answer 32

rounded

Question 33

what are ependymal cells?

Answer 33

ciliated cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells

Question 34

what do ependymal cells do?

Answer 34

line the ventricles of the brain

Question 35

what is a gyrus?

Answer 35

projection on the brain

Question 36

what is a sulcus?

Answer 36

a depression on the brain

Question 37

what is a fissure?

Answer 37

a depression that is deeper than a gyrus

Question 38

what are the two types of matter in the CNS?

Answer 38

white | grey

Question 39

what is white matter made of?

Answer 39

axons | support cells

Question 40

what is grey matter made of?

Answer 40

neutron cells bodies cell processes synapses support cells

Question 41

where is grey and white matter located in the spinal cord?

Answer 41

``` grey = inside white = outside ```

Question 42

what is the grey matter in the spinal cord referred to as?

Answer 42

the horns

Question 43

what are the two horns of the spinal cord matter?

Answer 43

posterior and anterior posterior goes all the way to the edge

Question 44

what is white matter in the spinal cord referred to as?

Answer 44

columns | posterior, anterior and lateral

Question 45

what is another name for the lateral fissure?

Answer 45

Sylvian fissure

Question 46

what are the two parts of the lentiform nucleus?

Answer 46

putamen | globus pallidus

Question 47

what is another name for the longitudinal fissure?

Answer 47

inter hemispheric fissure

Question 48

where does the cingulate gyrus sit?

Answer 48

just above the corpus callous

Question 49

what is the border for the primary visual cortex?

Answer 49

the calcarine sulcus

Question 50

where do the two sides of the thalamus touch?

Answer 50

inter-thalamic adhesion

Question 51

what connects the third and lateral ventricles?

Answer 51

interventricular foramen

Question 52

what are the boundaries of the frontal lobe laterally?

Answer 52

anterior to central sulcus | superior to lateral sulcus

Question 53

what is the posterior border of the frontal lobe laterally?

Answer 53

central sulcus

Question 54

what is the boundary of the frontal lobe medially?

Answer 54

anterior to a line drawn from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum

Question 55

what are the lateral boundaries of the parietal lobe?

Answer 55

posterior to the central sulcus superior to the lateral sulcus anterior to a line drawn

Question 56

where is the anterior border of the parietal lobe laterally drawn?

Answer 56

between the parieto-occipital sulcus and the pre-occipital notch

Question 57

what are the medial boundaries of the parietal lobe medially?

Answer 57

posterior to the frontal lobe | anterior to the Pareto occipital sulcus

Question 58

what is the lateral boundary of the occipital lobe?

Answer 58

posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

Question 59

what is the medial boundary of the occipital lobe?

Answer 59

posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 60

what are the lateral boundaries of the temporal lobe?

Answer 60

inferior to the lateral sulcus posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch

Question 61

where does the temporal lobe extend to medially?

Answer 61

from the temporal pole to a line between the pre-occipital notch and the anterior end of the calcimine sulcus

Question 62

what lobe of the brain is normally hidden?

Answer 62

insular lobe

Question 63

what does the insular lobe play a role in?

Answer 63

the experience of pain

Question 64

what are the three layers of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Answer 64

dura arachnoid pia

Question 65

what are the two blood supplies to the brain?

Answer 65

internal carotid system | vertebro-basilar system

Question 66

how does blood from the brain drain?

Answer 66

into a system of dural venous sinuses

Question 67

where do the dural venous sinuses drain?

Answer 67

into the internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen