Brain Tumours

Question 1

what can worse the headache that brain tumours often preset with?

Answer 1

worse in the morning
coughing
leaning forward

Question 2

how many grades of astrocytic tumours are there?

Answer 2

four

Question 3

what is a grade one astrocytic tumour called?

Answer 3

pilocytic

Question 4

what is a grade two astrocytic tumour called?

Answer 4

low grade astrocytoma

Question 5

what is a grade three astrocytic tumour called?

Answer 5

anaplastic astrocytoma

Question 6

what is a grade four astrocytic tumour called?

Answer 6

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 7

who gets grade I astrocytic tumours?

Answer 7

children and young adults

Question 8

is a grade I astrocytic tumour benign or malignant?

Answer 8

benign

Question 9

what four locations can be affected by grade I astrocytic tumours?

Answer 9

optic nerve
hypothalamus
cerebellum
brainstem

Question 10

what is the treatment of choice for grade I astrocytic tumours?

Answer 10

surgery

it is curative

Question 11

what are the three types of grade II astrocytic tumours?

Answer 11

fibrillary
gemistocytic
protoplasmic

Question 12

what areas of the brain tend to be affected by grade II astrocytic tumours?

Answer 12

temporal lobe
posterior frontal lobe
anterior parietal lobe

Question 13

how can grade II astrocytic tumours present?

Answer 13

seizures

Question 14

what happens to grade II astrocytic tumours over time?

Answer 14

dedifferentiate into high grade malignancies as they are not benign

Question 15

what is the treatment for grade II astrocytic tumours?

Answer 15

surgery and any of:

• radio
• chemo
• combined radio and chemo
• follow up serial imaging

Question 16

are anaplastic astrocytomas benign or malignant?

Answer 16

malignant

Question 17

what is the median survival with anaplastic astrocytomas?

Answer 17

two years

Question 18

what is the most common primary brain tumour?

Answer 18

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 19

what is the median survival with glioblastoma multiforme?

Answer 19

under a year

Question 20

how do glioblastoma multiforme spread?

Answer 20

through white matter and CSF pathways

Question 21

what treatment can be done for glioblastoma multiforme?

Answer 21

non curative surgery to improve QoL

Question 22

what part of the brain is affected by oligodendroglial tumours?

Answer 22

frontal lobes

Question 23

what age group is most commonly affected by oligodendroglial tumours?

Answer 23

adults 25-45

Question 24

how do oligodendroglial tumours present?

Answer 24

seizures

Question 25

are oligodendroglial tumours benign or malignant?

Answer 25

low grade benign but can undergo malignant conversion

Question 26

how are oligodendroglial tumours managed?

Answer 26

surgery and chemotherapy

Question 27

what is the median survival in oligodendroglial tumours?

Answer 27

ten years

Question 28

how do the majority of meningiomas present?

Answer 28

asymptomatic

Question 29

which sex is more commonly affected by meningiomas?

Answer 29

female

Question 30

how can meningiomas present?

Answer 30

headaches | regional anatomical disturbances

Question 31

how can meningiomas present if they affect the base of the skull?

Answer 31

cranial nerve neuropathies

Question 32

are meningiomas malignant or benign?

Answer 32

the vast majority are benign

Question 33

what are the four types of meningiomas?

Answer 33

classic angioblastic atypical malignant

Question 34

how are meningiomas managed?

Answer 34

preoperative embolisation surgery radiotherapy

Question 35

name three nerve sheath tumours

Answer 35

schwannomas neurofibromas malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours

Question 36

what is another name for a Schwannoma

Answer 36

neuroma

Question 37

what is another name for an acoustic neuroma?

Answer 37

vestibular schwannoma

Question 38

what condition are acoustic neuromas associated with?

Answer 38

neurofibromatosis II

Question 39

how do acoustic neuromas present?

Answer 39

hearing loss tinnitus disequilibrium

Question 40

what investigations are done for acoustic neuroma?

Answer 40

audiometry | radiology

Question 41

how are acoustic neuromas managed?

Answer 41

radiation | surgery

Question 42

what type of tumour are pineal tumours?

Answer 42

germ cell

Question 43

who is usually affected by pineal tumours?

Answer 43

people under the age of 20

Question 44

what imaging can be done for pineal tumours?

Answer 44

CT scan

Question 45

how can pineal tumours metastasise?

Answer 45

via the CSF

Question 46

what are the two main groups of pineal tumours?

Answer 46

germinomas | non germinomas

Question 47

what is the most common CNS germ cell tumour?

Answer 47

germinomas

Question 48

how can germinomas be managed?

Answer 48

radiation

Question 49

name four non germinomatous pineal tumours

Answer 49

teratoma yolk sac tumour choriocarcinoma embryonal carcinoma