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Y3 Neurology > Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

what can worse the headache that brain tumours often preset with?

A

worse in the morning
coughing
leaning forward

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2
Q

how many grades of astrocytic tumours are there?

A

four

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3
Q

what is a grade one astrocytic tumour called?

A

pilocytic

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4
Q

what is a grade two astrocytic tumour called?

A

low grade astrocytoma

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5
Q

what is a grade three astrocytic tumour called?

A

anaplastic astrocytoma

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6
Q

what is a grade four astrocytic tumour called?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

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7
Q

who gets grade I astrocytic tumours?

A

children and young adults

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8
Q

is a grade I astrocytic tumour benign or malignant?

A

benign

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9
Q

what four locations can be affected by grade I astrocytic tumours?

A

optic nerve
hypothalamus
cerebellum
brainstem

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10
Q

what is the treatment of choice for grade I astrocytic tumours?

A

surgery

it is curative

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11
Q

what are the three types of grade II astrocytic tumours?

A

fibrillary
gemistocytic
protoplasmic

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12
Q

what areas of the brain tend to be affected by grade II astrocytic tumours?

A

temporal lobe
posterior frontal lobe
anterior parietal lobe

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13
Q

how can grade II astrocytic tumours present?

A

seizures

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14
Q

what happens to grade II astrocytic tumours over time?

A

dedifferentiate into high grade malignancies as they are not benign

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15
Q

what is the treatment for grade II astrocytic tumours?

A

surgery and any of:

  • radio
  • chemo
  • combined radio and chemo
  • follow up serial imaging
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16
Q

are anaplastic astrocytomas benign or malignant?

A

malignant

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17
Q

what is the median survival with anaplastic astrocytomas?

A

two years

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18
Q

what is the most common primary brain tumour?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

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19
Q

what is the median survival with glioblastoma multiforme?

A

under a year

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20
Q

how do glioblastoma multiforme spread?

A

through white matter and CSF pathways

21
Q

what treatment can be done for glioblastoma multiforme?

A

non curative surgery to improve QoL

22
Q

what part of the brain is affected by oligodendroglial tumours?

A

frontal lobes

23
Q

what age group is most commonly affected by oligodendroglial tumours?

A

adults 25-45

24
Q

how do oligodendroglial tumours present?

A

seizures

25
Q

are oligodendroglial tumours benign or malignant?

A

low grade benign but can undergo malignant conversion

26
Q

how are oligodendroglial tumours managed?

A

surgery and chemotherapy

27
Q

what is the median survival in oligodendroglial tumours?

A

ten years

28
Q

how do the majority of meningiomas present?

A

asymptomatic

29
Q

which sex is more commonly affected by meningiomas?

A

female

30
Q

how can meningiomas present?

A

headaches

regional anatomical disturbances

31
Q

how can meningiomas present if they affect the base of the skull?

A

cranial nerve neuropathies

32
Q

are meningiomas malignant or benign?

A

the vast majority are benign

33
Q

what are the four types of meningiomas?

A

classic
angioblastic
atypical
malignant

34
Q

how are meningiomas managed?

A

preoperative embolisation
surgery
radiotherapy

35
Q

name three nerve sheath tumours

A

schwannomas
neurofibromas
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours

36
Q

what is another name for a Schwannoma

A

neuroma

37
Q

what is another name for an acoustic neuroma?

A

vestibular schwannoma

38
Q

what condition are acoustic neuromas associated with?

A

neurofibromatosis II

39
Q

how do acoustic neuromas present?

A

hearing loss
tinnitus
disequilibrium

40
Q

what investigations are done for acoustic neuroma?

A

audiometry

radiology

41
Q

how are acoustic neuromas managed?

A

radiation

surgery

42
Q

what type of tumour are pineal tumours?

A

germ cell

43
Q

who is usually affected by pineal tumours?

A

people under the age of 20

44
Q

what imaging can be done for pineal tumours?

A

CT scan

45
Q

how can pineal tumours metastasise?

A

via the CSF

46
Q

what are the two main groups of pineal tumours?

A

germinomas

non germinomas

47
Q

what is the most common CNS germ cell tumour?

A

germinomas

48
Q

how can germinomas be managed?

A

radiation

49
Q

name four non germinomatous pineal tumours

A

teratoma
yolk sac tumour
choriocarcinoma
embryonal carcinoma

Y3 Neurology (31 decks)

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