Neuroanatomy - Cranial Nerves

Question 1

where do the cranial nerves exit the brainstem and which two are the exceptions?

Answer 1

anterior surface

IV/trochlear = posterior 
VIII/vestibulocochlear = lateral

Question 2

what modality is contained in CN I?

Answer 2

purely sensory

Question 3

what is the name of CN I?

Answer 3

olfactory nerve

Question 4

what cranial nerve contains the only sensory modality that does not synapse in the thalamus prior to reaching the cortex?

Answer 4

CN I

Question 5

what are the five motor cranial nerves?

Answer 5

III
IV
VI
XI
XII

Question 6

where are the nuclei for the origin of the five motor cranial nerves located?

Answer 6

near the midline on the ventral aspect of the brain

Question 7

what is the name of CN III?

Answer 7

oculomtor

Question 8

what modalities does CN III contain?

Answer 8

somatic motor

parasympathetic

Question 9

where do the parasympathetic neurones of CN III come from?

Answer 9

edinger westphal nucleus

Question 10

what do the parasympathetic neurones of CN III supply?

Answer 10

sphincter pupillae

ciliary muscle

Question 11

where do the motor neurons of CN III come from?

Answer 11

the oculomotor nucleus

Question 12

what do the motor neurons of CN III supply?

Answer 12

levator palpebrae superioris
superior, medial and inferior rectus
inferior oblique

Question 13

when do the two fibre types in CN III come together to form the nerve?

Answer 13

as they pass through the basis pedunculi

Question 14

what is the name of CN IV?

Answer 14

trochlear nerve

Question 15

what modality does CN IV contain?

Answer 15

somatic motor

Question 16

what does CN IV supply?

Answer 16

superior oblique muscle

Question 17

where is the nucleus of CN IV located?

Answer 17

at the level of the inferior colliculus

called the trochlear nucleus

Question 18

where does CN IV originate?

Answer 18

the trochlear nucleus

Question 19

what is the name of CN VI?

Answer 19

abducens nerve

Question 20

what modality does CN VI contain?

Answer 20

somatic motor

Question 21

where does CN VI originate?

Answer 21

abducens nucleus

Question 22

where is the abducens nucleus located?

Answer 22

near the midline in the lower pons

Question 23

where do the fibres of CN VI exit the brain?

Answer 23

in the ponto-medullary junction

Question 24

what is the name of CN XII?

Answer 24

hypoglossal nerve

Question 25

what modality does CN XII containn?

Answer 25

somatic motor

Question 26

where does CN XII originate?

Answer 26

the hypoglossal nucleus

Question 27

where is the hypoglossal nucleus located?

Answer 27

from the lower pons through most of the medulla, close to the midline

Question 28

where does CN XII exit the brain?

Answer 28

anteriorly between the olive and the pyramid

Question 29

what is the name of CN XI?

Answer 29

spinal accessory nerve

Question 30

where does CN XI arise?

Answer 30

the cervical spinal cord

Question 31

what are the four mixed cranial nerves?

Answer 31

V VII IX X

Question 32

what is CN V called?

Answer 32

trigeminal nerve

Question 33

what are the three main functions of CN V?

Answer 33

somatosensation of face proprioception associated with chewing motor control

Question 34

what muscles are innervated by CN V?

Answer 34

``` muscles of mastication tensor tympani mylohyoid anterior belly of digastric tensor veli palatini ```

Question 35

what are the three sensory nuclei of CN V?

Answer 35

mesencephalic nucleus pontine trigeminal nucleus spinal nucleus

Question 36

what is the role of the mesencephalic nucleus of CN V?

Answer 36

information regarding proprioception from the teeth and jaw arrive here

Question 37

what is the principal sensory nucleus of CN V?

Answer 37

pontine trigeminal nucleus

Question 38

what information is associated with the pontine trigeminal nucleus of CN V?

Answer 38

discriminative touch | vibration

Question 39

what information is associated with the spinal nucleus of CN V?

Answer 39

pain | temperature

Question 40

where is the sensory nucleus of CN V found?

Answer 40

a long column from the midbrain to the upper two segments of the cervical spinal cord three parts separated by function

Question 41

what is the name of CN VII?

Answer 41

facial nerve

Question 42

what three modalities are found in CN VII?

Answer 42

motor parasympathetic special sensory - taste

Question 43

where do the motor fibres of CN VII innervate?

Answer 43

muscles of facial expression | stapedius

Question 44

where do the parasympathetic fibres of CN VII innervate?

Answer 44

pterygopalatine ganglia | submandibular ganglia

Question 45

where does CN VII supply the special sense of taste and how?

Answer 45

anterior 2/3 of the tongue via the chorda tympani

Question 46

what are the four nuclei of CN VII?

Answer 46

facial motor nucleus salivatory nucleus solitary nucleus spinal trigeminal nucleus

Question 47

what does the facial motor nucleus of CN VII supply?

Answer 47

muscles of facial expression

Question 48

what does the salivatory nucleus of CN VII supply?

Answer 48

parasympathetics

Question 49

what does the solitary nucleus of CN VII supply?

Answer 49

special sensory - taste

Question 50

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN VII supply?

Answer 50

somatosensation in a small region around the ear

Question 51

what are the four nuclei of CN IX?

Answer 51

solitary nucleus spinal trigeminal nucleus inferior salivatory nucleus nucleus ambiguus

Question 52

what is CN IX called?

Answer 52

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 53

what are the two parts of the solitary nucleus of CN IX and what do they supply?

Answer 53

gustatory = muscles and taste commissural = visceral information

Question 54

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN IX supply?

Answer 54

somatosensation to a small region associated with teh ear

Question 55

what does the inferior salivatory nucleus of CN IX supply?

Answer 55

parasympathetics

Question 56

what does the nucleus ambiguus of CN IX supply?

Answer 56

motor to stylopharyngeus

Question 57

what is the name of CN X?

Answer 57

vagus nerve

Question 58

what are the four nuclei associated with CN X?

Answer 58

dorsal nucleus solitary nucleus spinal trigeminal nucleus nucleus ambiguus

Question 59

what does the dorsal nucleus of CN X supply?

Answer 59

parasympathetics

Question 60

what does the solitary nucleus of CN X supply?

Answer 60

gustatory part - taste | commissural part - visceral information

Question 61

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN X supply?

Answer 61

pain from dura | small region of somatosensation associated with the ear

Question 62

what does the nucleus ambiguus of CN X supply?

Answer 62

motor to pharynx and larynx

Question 63

what part of the corticospinal tract provides motor input to cranial nerve nuclei?

Answer 63

the corticobulbar tract

Question 64

which motor nuclei receive input from the corticobulbar tract?

Answer 64

V VII X XII

Question 65

what cranial nerves innervate the extraocular muscles?

Answer 65

III IV VI

Question 66

where does motor input to the CN's innervating extraocular muscles come from?

Answer 66

complex interplay of inputs from the: - frontal lobes - parietal lobes - reticular formation - visual cortex - vestibular system

Question 67

what cranial nerves contain parasympathetic efferents?

Answer 67

III VII IX X

Question 68

where does motor input to cranial nerves containing parasympathetic efferents come from?

Answer 68

hypothalamus

Question 69

what is the reticular formation?

Answer 69

a network of loosely aggregated cells with cell bodies, axons and dendrites intermingling in the central core of the brainstem