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Y3 Neurology > Neuroanatomy - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

where do the cranial nerves exit the brainstem and which two are the exceptions?

A

anterior surface

IV/trochlear = posterior 
VIII/vestibulocochlear = lateral
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2
Q

what modality is contained in CN I?

A

purely sensory

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3
Q

what is the name of CN I?

A

olfactory nerve

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4
Q

what cranial nerve contains the only sensory modality that does not synapse in the thalamus prior to reaching the cortex?

A

CN I

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5
Q

what are the five motor cranial nerves?

A 
III
IV
VI
XI
XII
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6
Q

where are the nuclei for the origin of the five motor cranial nerves located?

A

near the midline on the ventral aspect of the brain

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7
Q

what is the name of CN III?

A

oculomtor

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8
Q

what modalities does CN III contain?

A

somatic motor

parasympathetic

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9
Q

where do the parasympathetic neurones of CN III come from?

A

edinger westphal nucleus

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10
Q

what do the parasympathetic neurones of CN III supply?

A

sphincter pupillae

ciliary muscle

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11
Q

where do the motor neurons of CN III come from?

A

the oculomotor nucleus

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12
Q

what do the motor neurons of CN III supply?

A

levator palpebrae superioris
superior, medial and inferior rectus
inferior oblique

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13
Q

when do the two fibre types in CN III come together to form the nerve?

A

as they pass through the basis pedunculi

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14
Q

what is the name of CN IV?

A

trochlear nerve

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15
Q

what modality does CN IV contain?

A

somatic motor

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16
Q

what does CN IV supply?

A

superior oblique muscle

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17
Q

where is the nucleus of CN IV located?

A

at the level of the inferior colliculus

called the trochlear nucleus

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18
Q

where does CN IV originate?

A

the trochlear nucleus

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19
Q

what is the name of CN VI?

A

abducens nerve

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20
Q

what modality does CN VI contain?

A

somatic motor

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21
Q

where does CN VI originate?

A

abducens nucleus

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22
Q

where is the abducens nucleus located?

A

near the midline in the lower pons

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23
Q

where do the fibres of CN VI exit the brain?

A

in the ponto-medullary junction

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24
Q

what is the name of CN XII?

A

hypoglossal nerve

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25
Q

what modality does CN XII containn?

A

somatic motor

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26
Q

where does CN XII originate?

A

the hypoglossal nucleus

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27
Q

where is the hypoglossal nucleus located?

A

from the lower pons through most of the medulla, close to the midline

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28
Q

where does CN XII exit the brain?

A

anteriorly between the olive and the pyramid

29
Q

what is the name of CN XI?

A

spinal accessory nerve

30
Q

where does CN XI arise?

A

the cervical spinal cord

31
Q

what are the four mixed cranial nerves?

A

V
VII
IX
X

32
Q

what is CN V called?

A

trigeminal nerve

33
Q

what are the three main functions of CN V?

A

somatosensation of face
proprioception associated with chewing
motor control

34
Q

what muscles are innervated by CN V?

A 
muscles of mastication 
tensor tympani 
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric 
tensor veli palatini
35
Q

what are the three sensory nuclei of CN V?

A

mesencephalic nucleus
pontine trigeminal nucleus
spinal nucleus

36
Q

what is the role of the mesencephalic nucleus of CN V?

A

information regarding proprioception from the teeth and jaw arrive here

37
Q

what is the principal sensory nucleus of CN V?

A

pontine trigeminal nucleus

38
Q

what information is associated with the pontine trigeminal nucleus of CN V?

A

discriminative touch

vibration

39
Q

what information is associated with the spinal nucleus of CN V?

A

pain

temperature

40
Q

where is the sensory nucleus of CN V found?

A

a long column from the midbrain to the upper two segments of the cervical spinal cord

three parts separated by function

41
Q

what is the name of CN VII?

A

facial nerve

42
Q

what three modalities are found in CN VII?

A

motor
parasympathetic
special sensory - taste

43
Q

where do the motor fibres of CN VII innervate?

A

muscles of facial expression

stapedius

44
Q

where do the parasympathetic fibres of CN VII innervate?

A

pterygopalatine ganglia

submandibular ganglia

45
Q

where does CN VII supply the special sense of taste and how?

A

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

via the chorda tympani

46
Q

what are the four nuclei of CN VII?

A

facial motor nucleus
salivatory nucleus
solitary nucleus
spinal trigeminal nucleus

47
Q

what does the facial motor nucleus of CN VII supply?

A

muscles of facial expression

48
Q

what does the salivatory nucleus of CN VII supply?

A

parasympathetics

49
Q

what does the solitary nucleus of CN VII supply?

A

special sensory - taste

50
Q

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN VII supply?

A

somatosensation in a small region around the ear

51
Q

what are the four nuclei of CN IX?

A

solitary nucleus
spinal trigeminal nucleus
inferior salivatory nucleus
nucleus ambiguus

52
Q

what is CN IX called?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

53
Q

what are the two parts of the solitary nucleus of CN IX and what do they supply?

A

gustatory = muscles and taste

commissural = visceral information

54
Q

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN IX supply?

A

somatosensation to a small region associated with teh ear

55
Q

what does the inferior salivatory nucleus of CN IX supply?

A

parasympathetics

56
Q

what does the nucleus ambiguus of CN IX supply?

A

motor to stylopharyngeus

57
Q

what is the name of CN X?

A

vagus nerve

58
Q

what are the four nuclei associated with CN X?

A

dorsal nucleus
solitary nucleus
spinal trigeminal nucleus
nucleus ambiguus

59
Q

what does the dorsal nucleus of CN X supply?

A

parasympathetics

60
Q

what does the solitary nucleus of CN X supply?

A

gustatory part - taste

commissural part - visceral information

61
Q

what does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN X supply?

A

pain from dura

small region of somatosensation associated with the ear

62
Q

what does the nucleus ambiguus of CN X supply?

A

motor to pharynx and larynx

63
Q

what part of the corticospinal tract provides motor input to cranial nerve nuclei?

A

the corticobulbar tract

64
Q

which motor nuclei receive input from the corticobulbar tract?

A

V
VII
X
XII

65
Q

what cranial nerves innervate the extraocular muscles?

A

III
IV
VI

66
Q

where does motor input to the CN’s innervating extraocular muscles come from?

A

complex interplay of inputs from the:

  • frontal lobes
  • parietal lobes
  • reticular formation
  • visual cortex
  • vestibular system
67
Q

what cranial nerves contain parasympathetic efferents?

A

III
VII
IX
X

68
Q

where does motor input to cranial nerves containing parasympathetic efferents come from?

A

hypothalamus

69
Q

what is the reticular formation?

A

a network of loosely aggregated cells with cell bodies, axons and dendrites intermingling in the central core of the brainstem

Y3 Neurology (31 decks)

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