PathoPharm exam 1

Question 0

Investigational drug study phase 2

Answer 0

Small number volunteers with disease

Question 1

Investigational drug study phase 1

Answer 1

Healthy volunteers

Question 2

Investigational drug study phase 3

Answer 2

Large number volunteers with disease

Question 3

Investigational drug study phase 4

Answer 3

Post marketing studies by drug company-voluntary

Question 4

Pregnancy category A

Answer 4

No ill effects to fetus

Question 5

Pregnancy category B

Answer 5

No risk to animal study

Question 6

Pregnancy category C

Answer 6

Study in humans but not pregnant women. Shows harm in animals

Question 7

Pregnancy category D

Answer 7

Risk to fetus. Risk of not taking meds is greater than taking it, can be used in life threatening

Question 8

Pregnancy category X

Answer 8

Risk to fetus is definite. No benefit.

Question 9

Tetratogenic effect

Answer 9

Results in structural effect in unborn fetus; crosses placental barrier

Question 10

DEA Schedules and controlled substances: schedule 1 (CI)

Answer 10

High abuse potential (illegal, no prescription available)

Question 11

DEA Schedules and controlled substances: schedule 2 (CII)

Answer 11

High abuse potential and severe dependence liability -30day supply with no refills- hand written only; ei: morphine, methadone, methamphetamine

Question 12

DEA Schedules and controlled substances: schedule 3 (CIII)

Answer 12

Less abuse potential, low-moderate physical dependence, high psychological dependence -no more than 5 refills; ei: anabolic steroids, codeine, hydrocodone

Question 13

DEA Schedules and controlled substances: schedule 4 (CIV)

Answer 13

Less physical abuse potential-accepted medical use-written or verbal prescription with max 5 refills; ie: diazepam/Valium, alprazolam/Xanax

Question 14

DEA Schedules and controlled substances: schedule 5 (CV)

Answer 14

Limited abuse potential, small amount of narcotic used as antitussives or antidiarrheals- may not need prescription but must be recorded; ie: OTC cough meds with codeine or Tylenol 3

Question 15

First pass effect

Answer 15

Drug absorbed in stomach an small intestine must pass through the liver before circulating systemically, liver can inactivate drug making less available to target organ

Question 16

Enteral

Answer 16

Absorbed through oral or gastric mucosa, small intestine or rectum. Oral, sublingual (highly vascular, no first pass), NG tube

Question 17

Parenteral

Answer 17

Fastest route for absorption. Subcutaneous, IM(absorbed faster in muscles with more blood vessels), intradermal, IV

Question 18

Topical

Answer 18

(Skin, or membrane linings of the eyes, ears, nose, lungs) constant amount over long periods, unreliable systemic absorption

Question 19

Fat soluble

Answer 19

Lower blood concentrations bc of large distribution (more drug diffuses through membranes)

Question 20

Water soluble

Answer 20

Small volume distribution but high blood concentrations (need a protein or enzyme to pass through the GI tract)

Question 21

Anonist

Answer 21

Bind to receptor- response is present

Question 22

Partial agonist

Answer 22

Binds but diminished response

Question 23

Antagonist

Answer 23

Binds but no response (prevents binding of agonist)

Question 24

Competitive antagonist

Answer 24

Competes with agonist

Question 25

Non-competitive antagonist

Answer 25

Combines with different parts of receptor to inactivate it

Question 26

Acute

Answer 26

Life sustaining

Question 27

Maintenance

Answer 27

Delays progression

Question 28

Supplemental

Answer 28

Replaces

Question 29

Palliative

Answer 29

Comfort

Question 30

Supportive

Answer 30

Integrity of body functions

Question 31

Prophylactic

Answer 31

Prevention