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old Sophomore cards > Male Gen. & Rep. function > Flashcards

Male Gen. & Rep. function Flashcards

1
Q

Produces male germ cells and secretes the male sex hormone

A

Testes

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2
Q

Transports and stores sperm, and in assists in their maturation

A

Ductile system

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3
Q

Prepares sperm for ejaculation

A

Accessory glands

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4
Q

What temperate does sperm production require,

A

2-3 Degrees C below body temperature

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5
Q

What is essential to the development of primary and secondary male sex characteristics, induces differentiation, and spermatogenesis?

A

Testosterone

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6
Q

What plays an essential role in testicular function?

A

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

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7
Q

What is the production of testosterone regulated by?

A

LH

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8
Q

The inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory intercourse

A

Erectile dysfunction

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9
Q

Localized progressive fibrosis of unknown origin that effect the tunica albuginea

A

Peyronie disease

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Peyronie disease?

A

Painful erection
Bent erection
Hard mass at the sit of fibrosis

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11
Q

This is characterized by an inflammatory process thy results in dense fibrous plaque formation which prevents lengthening of involved area

A

Peyronie disease

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11
Q

What age in men does peyronie disease usually occur?

A

Middle aged to elderly men

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12
Q

What is the treatment for Peyronie Disease?

A

Oral agents with antioxidants properties such as Vit. E, Colchicine, corticosterioids and sometimes surgery

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13
Q

What are most cases of Epididymis in men under 35 caused by?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis or neisseris gonorrhoeae

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14
Q

What are most cases of Epididymis in men over 35 caused by?

A

Urinary tract pathogens such as E. Coli or pseudomonas

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15
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Transports and stores sperm

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Epididymitis?

A

Unilateral pain & swelling
Erythema & edema of overlying scrotal skin
Tenderness over the groin and lower abdomen
Lower UTI symptoms

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17
Q

When is there discharge with Epididymitis?

A

When it is caused by an STD

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18
Q

What is important for diagnosing Epididymis?

A

Urinalysis and urine culture

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Epididymis?

A 
Bed rest 
Scrotal elevation & support
Analgesics 
NSAIDS
Antibiotics
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20
Q

What are the risk factors for Epididymitis?

A 
Sexual activity
Heavy physical exertion
Bicycle or motor riding
Urinary tract surgery
Prostate obstruction in older men
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21
Q

This is the first cancer linked to occupation (chimney sweeps)

A

Scrotal cancer

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22
Q

What is scrotal cancer linked to?

A

Poor hygiene
Chronic inflammation
PUCA
HPV

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23
Q

What age does scrotal cancer usually occur?

A

In men over 60 often preceded by 20 to 39 years of chronic irritation

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24
Q

What may appear in the early stages of scrotal cancer?

A

Small tumor or warlike growth that eventually ulcerates

25
Q

What is the treatment for scrotal cancer?

A

Wide local excision of the tumor with inguinal and femoral dissection

26
Q

Inflammatory disorder of the prostate gland

A

Prostatitis

27
Q

What is Acute Bacterial Prostatitis caused by?

A

Ascending urethral infecting or reflux of infected urine into prostatic ducts (E. coli)

28
Q

What are the symptoms if Acute bacterial prostatitis?

A 
Fever, chills, malaise, arthralgia, 
frequent and urgent urination 
Dysuria
Urethral discharge
Urine may be cloudy and malodorous
29
Q

What are the risk factors for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Diabetes
HIV
Recent catheterization
Urethral strictures

30
Q

What does prostate massage produce in acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

A thick discharge with WBC’s that grows large numbers of pathogens on culture

31
Q

What is the treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

Antibiotic therapy continued for at least 4 weeks

32
Q

Which Prostatitis is difficult to treat?

A

Chronic bacterial prostatitis

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis?

A

Frequent and urgent urinations
Dysuria
Perineal discomfort
Low back pain

34
Q

What is the treatment for Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis?

A

Long term therapy with an appropriate oral antimicrobial

35
Q

More than 50% of men older than 60 have this

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

36
Q

What is the treatment for Benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

5a-reductase inhibitors or
a-adrenergic blocking drugs
Or a combination of both

37
Q

What causes Benign Prostatic hyperplasia?

A

An imbalance between cell proliferation and cell death - decreased cell death leads to accumulation if senescent cells.

38
Q

What are the symptoms of Benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A

Large, discrete lesions in the periurethral region of the prostate (the lesions compress the urethra and produce symptoms of dysuria, & difficulty urinating)

39
Q

How is Benign prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed?

A

Digital rectal exam
Serum creatinine
Prostate-specific antigen
Urinalysis to detect Hematuria

40
Q

What is the disease of aging?

A

Cancer of the prostate

41
Q

Symptoms of prostate cancer

A 
Urgency 
Frequency 
Nocturia 
Hesitancy
Dysuria
Hematuria
Blood in the ejaculation 
Prostate can be nodular or fixed
42
Q

What needs to be taught to eat to help prevent prostate cancer?

A 
Vitamin E & D
Selenium
Lycopene
Soy
Green tea
43
Q

What has studies shown that increased risk for prostate cancer?

A

High dietary fats

44
Q

What are the diagnosis for prostate cancer?

A

DRE, PSA testing, and transrectal ultrasonography

45
Q

What is the treatment for cancer of the prostate?

A

Surgery
Radiation
Hormonal manipulations

46
Q

One or both of the testicles fail to moved down into a scrotal sac

A

Cryptorchidism

47
Q

What is Cryptorchidism directly related to?

A

Low Birth weight and small for gestational age

48
Q

What needs to be taught about neoplasms of the penis (penile cancer?

A

To seek medical attention early on because its HIGHLY curable in early stages

Men should shield gentian area when tanning

49
Q

What are most penile cancers origin?

A

Squamous epithelial cells

50
Q

How is penile cancer diagnosed?

A

Physical exam
Biopsy
CT scan
MRI

51
Q

What are the early signs of penile cancer?

A

Small lump or unclear in the glans or inner surface of prepuce

52
Q

What are the risk factors of penile cancer?

A 
Poor general hygiene 
HPV
Ultrasound violet radiation exposure
Older age
Immunodeficiency states
53
Q

What is the treatment for penile cancer?

A

Fluorouracil cream application
Laser treatments
Surgery for invasive carcinoma

54
Q

What is chronic bacterial prostatitis caused by?

A

E. coli
Proteus
Klebsiela
Pseudomonas

55
Q

This is an age related nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland, common in the US and Europe

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

56
Q

When does spontaneous decent occur in Cryptorchidism?

A

In the first 3 months, rarely after the first

57
Q

What procedure is done to locate a non palpable testes?

A

Laparoscopy

58
Q

When must surgery take place with Cryptorchidism to maximize potential fertility?

A

Within the first year of age

59
Q

What needs to be taught with boys who have Cryptorchidism?

A

They need a regular physical examination

Once they hit puberty, self testicular examination need to be taught

old Sophomore cards (28 decks)

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