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old Sophomore cards > Adaptation to Pregnancy for Concepts > Flashcards

Adaptation to Pregnancy for Concepts Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the capacity increase of the uterus?

A

10 mL to 5 L

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1
Q

Weight increase for uterus in pregnancy

A

From 2 oz. to 2.2 lbs.

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2
Q

What happens to the uterine wall in the first half of pregnancy?

A

Thickens

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3
Q

What causes the uterine wall to thicken?

A

Estrogen

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4
Q

When do you start experiencing Braxton-Hicks?

A

4 months on

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5
Q

What happens to the mucous lining of the cervix?

A

It thickens

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6
Q

Proliferation of glands near the external os

A

Mucous plug

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7
Q

What happens to the cervix during pregnancy?

A

Shorter, softer, more elastic, and larger in diameter

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8
Q

What causes the cervix to become shorter, softer, more elastic and larger in diameter?

A

Estrogen

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9
Q

What sign is it when cervix becomes bluish in color because of an increase blood supply?

A

Chadwick’s

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10
Q

Lump or softening of uterus probably where the implantation occurred

A

Hegar’s sign

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11
Q

What causes mucosa to thicken and connective tissue to loosen in the vagina?

A

Progesterone

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12
Q

What happens to the pH in the vagina and why?

A

More acidic to decrease growth of bacteria

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13
Q

What produces milk?

A

Acini

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14
Q

What hormone tells the breasts to make milk?

A

hPL

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15
Q

Breasts grow because of…

A

Estrogen

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16
Q

Glands of the breasts are changed by…

A

Progesterone

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17
Q

First milk but not true milk

A

Colostrum

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18
Q

When do you start to make colostrum?

A

By the third month

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19
Q

Secrete lubricant to keep nipple supple for baby

A

Montgomery tubercles

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20
Q

What happens to oxygen consumption?

A

Goes up 15%

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21
Q

What happens to airway resistance?

A

It is lowered

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22
Q

Switch from abdominal to what kind of breathing?

A

Thoracic

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23
Q

Mucous lining of the nose thickens causing?

A

Nasal stuffiness

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24
Q

What happens to the blood volume in pregnancy?

A

Increases 30-50% (hypervolemic)

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25
Q

What is the RBC range?

A

38-42%

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26
Q

What do RBC have to drop below to be truly anemic?

A

34%

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27
Q

What is the hemoglobin cut off to true anemia?

A

11 mg/dL

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28
Q

What hormone maintains pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

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29
Q

What hormone makes things grow?

A

Estrogen

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30
Q

Plasma volume increase is greater than RBC increase

A

Dilution anemia of pregnancy

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31
Q

Easier to make clots

A

Hypercoaguable

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32
Q

What happens to WBC’s?

A

Increase

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33
Q

What is the normal WBC count and the pregnancy count?

A

Normal: 5,000-11,000 Pregnancy: 12,000-15,000

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34
Q

What is the WBC count postnatal?

A

25,000

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35
Q

What happens to the cardiac output and HR?

A

Increase

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36
Q

What happens to the BP in the second trimester?

A

Goes down

37
Q

Why does BP go down in second trimester?

A

Arterial tree relaxes because of progesterone

38
Q

What are two signs of preeclampsia?

A

Hypertension and protein in the urine

39
Q

What causes decreased intestinal tone and motility?

A

Progesterone

40
Q

What does peristaltic action slowing in the GI tract benefit?

A

Increased nutrient consumption

41
Q

What happens to salivary pH and why can this be bad?

A

More acidic and can cause periodontal disease

42
Q

How long does morning sickness usually last?

A

First 12 weeks

43
Q

What hormone makes you nauseated?

A

HcG

44
Q

What happens to gall bladder emptying and what can this cause?

A

It slows causing gall stones

45
Q

How much does glomelular filtration rate increase?

A

50%

46
Q

What happens to urea and creatinine?

A

Levels go down

47
Q

What happens to renal threshold for glucose and where can you see this?

A

It diminishes and can be seen in the urine

48
Q

What happens to the ureters during pregnancy?

A

They become floppy increasing the risk for UTI

49
Q

Which ureter is usually more problematic?

A

Right

50
Q

What is the #1 cause of preterm labor?

A

Asymptomatic UTI

51
Q

What happens to hair and nail growth?

A

They slow

52
Q

What happens to subdermal fat?

A

Increases

53
Q

What hormone causes changes in pigmentation?

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

54
Q

Pink palms

A

Palmar erythema

55
Q

What is caused by decreased connective tissue strength and elevated adrenal steroids?

A

Striae

56
Q

Lumbar curve in late pregnancy

A

Lordosis

57
Q

How does the pelvis rotate?

A

Forward and downward

58
Q

Separation of the abdominal muscles

A

Diastisis recti

59
Q

Who is most at risk for diastisis recti?

A

Young, thin, undernourished women

60
Q

Are presumptive signs objective or subjective?

A

Subjective

61
Q

Are probable signs objective or subjective?

A

Objective

62
Q

Mother’s perceptions of fetal movements

A

Quickening

63
Q

When does quickening occur?

A

16-18 weeks

64
Q

When do you begin to worry if there is no quickening?

A

20 weeks

65
Q

What method says your abdomen increases 1cm/wk?

A

McDonald’s method

66
Q

Where is fundus palpable at from 10-12 weeks?

A

Just above the symphysis pubis

67
Q

Where is fundus palpable at from 20-24 weeks?

A

Level of umbilicus

68
Q

Palpating a structure (the fetus) in fluid

A

Ballottement

69
Q

What is HcG produced by?

A

Corpus luteum

70
Q

When can the fetal heart beat be heard with the fetoscope?

A

17-20 weeks

71
Q

When can you hear the fetal heart beat with Doppler ultrasound?

A

10-12 weeks

72
Q

What is the normal fetal heart rate?

A

110-160 BPM

73
Q

When can you begin to feel fetal movements?

A

20 weeks

74
Q

When can you see the fetal outline on an ultrasound?

A

6-6 1/2 weeks

75
Q

Mother is neither happy or sad at news of pregnancy

A

Ambivalence

76
Q

Mother is happy and finds pleasure in pregnancy

A

Acceptance

77
Q

Mother turns in on herself

A

Introversion

78
Q

Mental picture of body

A

Body image

79
Q

Who invented the developmental tasks of pregnancy?

A

Reva Rubin

80
Q

Which developmental task is making sure the baby and the woman herself are healthy?

A

Safe passage

81
Q

How does a woman ensure safe passage?

A

Go to the doctor, take vitamins, change diet, stop smoking or drinking, etc.

82
Q

Which developmental task is making sure the baby is wanted regardless of gender, race, or physical malformation?

A

Acceptance of child by others

83
Q

Which developmental task is it when the mother seeks acceptance of herself as a mother?

A

Binding in

84
Q

Which developmental task is suffering on behalf of the child to ensure life of the child?

A

Giving if oneself

85
Q

Father is ambivalent and fantasizes about the child

A

Announcement phase

86
Q

Father accepts the pregnancy

A

Moratorium

87
Q

Father’s role becomes more defined and prepares for child’s birth and needs

A

Focusing phase

88
Q

Father unintentionally develops systems of pregnancy

A

Couvade syndrome (mit leiden)

89
Q

Father avoids direct involvement but watches

A

Observer

90
Q

Father has strong emotional response to pregnancy

A

Expressive

91
Q

Father seeks tasks (ex: building a crib)

A

Instrumental

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