female disorders Flashcards
bartholin gland cyst symptoms
produces pain, local discomfort infection can cause inflammation of the glad and may result in abscess
bartholin gland cyst and abscess
fluid filled sac located near the vaginal introitus that results from obstruction of the main duct of the gland
bartholin gland cyst
treatment
antibiotics applying moist heat, incision and drainage, may require surgical intervention
bratholin gland cyst
marsupialization
a procedure that involves removal of a wedge of vulvar skin and the cyst wall
vulvodynia
unexplained vulvar pain
vulvodynia
burning, stinging irritation, soreness or rawness in the absence of visible findings or a specific clinically identifable neurological disorder
cervicitis
acute of chronic inflammation of the cervix
endometriosis
functional endometrial tissue is found in ectopic sites outside the uterus
endometriosis becomes apparent in the
reproductive years
endometriosis lesions are stimulated by
ovarian hormones associated with infertility
endometriosis symptoms
pelvic pain back pain
dyspareunia, pain on defecation and micturition
endometriosis definitive diagnosis can only be accomplished through
laparoscopy
endomitriosis treatment
simple observation and nasids ( young women) oral contraceptives, continuous progesterone therapy, androgenic agents, long acting Gn-Rh analogs that suppress ovulation may require surgery
endometriosis definitive treatment requires total
hysterectomy and bilateral salpingoophorectomy
adenomyosis
endometrial glands are found within the myometrium interspersed between smooth muscle fiber
adenomyosis is typically found in
multiparous women in there fourth or fith decade
adenomyosis symptoms
heavy, painful periods with clots and dyspareunia
adenmoyosis resolves with
menopause
adenomyosis treatment
oral contraceptives or Gn-Rh agonist, hysterectomy if this approach doesn’t work
endometrial cancer
most frequent invasive cancer of the female reproductive tract
endometrial cancer is typically a disease in ______ women
postmenopausal
endometrial cancer arises in _____ women with _____ excess or older women with endometrial atrophy
perimenopausal
estrogen
endometrial cancer risk factors
obesity, diabetes, nulliparity, early menarche and late menopause
endometrial cancer symptoms
abdominal painless bleeding later signs are cramping, pelvic discomfort, postcoital bleeding lower abdominal discomfort and enlarged lymph nodes
endometrial cancer diagnosis
dilatation and curettage
endometrial cancer treatment
surgery and radiation are most successful
cystocele
herniation of the bladder into vagina
cystocele symptoms
annoying bearing down sensation, difficulty emptying bladder, frequency and urgency and cystitis
rectocele
herniation of the rectum into the vagina
rectocele symptoms
discomfort of the protrusion of the rectum an difficulty in defecation
enterocele
bowel protrudes when woman is standing
uterine prolapse
bulging of the uterus into the vagina when the primary supportive ligaments are stretched
uterine prolapse
first degree
shows some descent but cervix has not reached introitus
uterine prolapse
second degree
cervix or part of the uterus has passed through the introitus
uterine prolapse
third degree
entire uterus protrudes through the vaginal opening
what could you teach a pt with uterine prolapse that could fix these problems
kegel exercises
most uterine prolapse require
surgery
bartholin cyst produces acute inflammation within the gland and may result in
abscess
vulvodynia treatment
avoid harsh soaps & perfume sitz baths antihistamines anti-fungal application of topical ointments (lidocaine ointment)
with vulvodynia physical therapy may be use to
reverse the changes in the pelvic floor muscles ( help woman control muscles regain strength and improve relaxation
oral medications including tricyclic antidepressants and are ur to treat pt with vulvodynia for
neuropathic pain
acute cervicitis
may result from direct infection of the cervix or may be secondary to vaginal or uterine infection
acute cervicitis
symptoms
cervix become reddened and edematous and there may be mucopurulent drainage
chronic cervicitis seen mostly in ________ women
parous
chronic cervicitis symptoms
cervix may be ulcerated or normal in appearance cervical os may be distorted
untreated chronic cervicitis may extend to include the development of
pelvic cellulitis low back pain, dyspareunia cervical syenosis dysmenhorrhea and ascending infection of the uterus or fallopian tubes
chronic cervicitis is diagnosed by
vaginal exams coloscopy pap smears and sometimes biopsy
treatments for chronic cervicitis
cryosurgery and cauterization
premenstrual syndrome disorders physical symptoms include
painful and swollen breast bloating, abdominal pain headache and beack ache
premenstrual syndrome disorders psychological symptoms
depression ,anxiety, irritability, and behavioral changes
premenstrual syndrome disorders diagnosis
focus on documentation of the relationshipof woman symptoms to the lutal phase of the menstrual cycle
premenstrual syndrome disorders treatment
lifestyle changes
pharmacological treatment
( diuretics nasids anxiolytics)
menopause
cessation of menstrual cycle (usually 48-55yrs old)
woman who has not menstruated for a full year or has an fSH level greater than 30 miu/ml is considered menopausal
perimenopause
yrs surrounding menopause (approx 4yrs and is characterized by menstrual irregularity and other menopausal symptoms
in _________ breast tissue body hair, skin elasticity and subcut fat decreases the ovaries and uterus diminish in size and the cervix and vagina become pale and friable
perimenopause
can cause vaginal dryness, urinary stress incontinence, urgency, nocturoa, vaginitis, UTI
perimenopause
consequences of long-term estrogen deprivation include osteoporosis due to an imbalance in bone remodeling and an increase risk for cardiovascular disease
perimenopause
masitis
inflammation of the breast
treatment for mastitis
heat or cold excision, aspiration, mild analgesics antibiotics and a supportive brassiere or breast binder
mammary duct ectasia
presence of dilated breast ducts containing a think pasty material with accompany periductal inflammation and fibrosis
with mammary duct ectasia pain and erytherma are
uncommon
ducta ectasia may be difficult to distinguish clinically from carcinoma and my require
biopsy
risk factors for breast cancer include
increasing age
personal or family history
hormonal influences that promote breast maturation
late menopause
no term pregnancy or first child after thirty years
modifiable risk factors for breast cancer
obesity physical inactivity
long term use of alcohol
postmenopausal hormone therapy long term
polycystic ovary syndrome
characterized by varying degree of menstrual irregularity signs of hyperandrogenism, and infertility and is most often associated with hyperinsulinrmis or insulin resistance
cause of polycystic ovary syndrome
chronic ovulation causing amenorrhea or irregular menses
polycyystic ovary risk factors
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
polycystic ovary syndrome diagnose
ultrasonography
laparoscopic visualization of the ovaries
polycystic ovary syndrome treatment
lifestyle modification, contraceptive agents
benign ovarian tumors occur mainly in women between
20-45 yrs old
malignant tumors are more common in women
45-65
