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old Sophomore cards > Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation for Concepts > Flashcards

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation for Concepts Flashcards

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0
Q

When should a person begin to consider diet for the best pregnancy?

A

Preconceptions

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1
Q

When are nutrient needs the highest?

A

During lactation

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2
Q

What is insufficient folic acid related to?

A

Spina bifida

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3
Q

What can nutritional deficiencies in early pregnancy cause?

A

Problems with cellular division and permanent fetal damage

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4
Q

What can nutritional deficiencies later in pregnancy cause?

A

Problems with birthweight

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5
Q

What is the normal kcal/day for an average woman?

A

2100-2400 kcal/day

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6
Q

How much should a woman increase her kcals in the first trimester?

A

None

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7
Q

How much should a woman increase her kcals in the second and third trimesters?

A

300 kcal/day

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8
Q

What should 50% of the increased kcals come from?

A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

What hormone alters carb metabolism?

A

HPL

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10
Q

How much should a woman increase her protein intake?

A

14 grams

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11
Q

What is a good source of protein?

A

Milk and meat

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12
Q

What do you need to increase along with your protein?

A

Water intake

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13
Q

How much folacin does a pregnant woman need?

A

400 mcg/day

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14
Q

What is a risk with vitamin deficiencies?

A

Neural tube defects

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15
Q

For a healthy placenta what do you need?

A

Folacin

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16
Q

What is a good source of vitamins?

A

Green veggies, liver, peanuts, and whole grains

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17
Q

What is excessive vitamin A intake associated with?

A

Fetal anomalies

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18
Q

What builds the skeleton for the fetus?

A

Minerals

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19
Q

What happens to the absorption rate of calcium?

A

It doubles

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20
Q

How much calcium and phosphorous does a pregnant woman need?

A

1200 mg/day a piece

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21
Q

How much iron does a nonpregnant and pregnant woman need?

A

Nonpregnant: 18 mg/day Pregnant: 30-60 mg/day

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22
Q

When do you begin to supplement iron?

A

12 weeks

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23
Q

What can an iron deficiency cause?

A

Fetal death, low birth weight, and prematurity

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24
Q

What does vitamin D do?

A

Absorbs calcium

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25
Q

Why do you take iron with food?

A

To reduce nausea

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26
Q

What mind of beverage do you take iron with to promote absorption?

A

An acidic one

27
Q

What should you not take iron with?

A

Tea

28
Q

What mineral promotes DNA and RNA synthesis?

A

Zinc

29
Q

What helps with fetal teeth and skeletal development?

A

Fluoride

30
Q

What is weight gain during pregnancy prescribed by?

A

BMI

31
Q

What is a healthy BMI?

A

18.5-23.9

32
Q

How much weight is gained from the infant?

A

7.5 lbs

33
Q

How much weight is gained from the placenta?

A

1lb

34
Q

How much weight is gained from blood?

A

4 lbs

35
Q

How much weight is gained from the uterus?

A

2.5 lbs

36
Q

How much weight is gained from the breasts?

A

3 lbs

37
Q

How much weight is gained from amniotic fluid?

A

2 lbs

38
Q

How much weight should be gained from mom’s fat?

A

2-8 lbs

39
Q

What is the total weight gain during a normal pregnancy?

A

22-28 lbs

40
Q

Relationship of weight to height

A

BMI

41
Q

Weight gain with BMI <19.8 (underweight)

A

28-40 lbs

42
Q

Weight gain with BMI 19.8-26.0 (normal)

A

25-35 lbs

43
Q

Weight gain with BMI 26.1-29.0 (overweight)

A

15-25 lbs

44
Q

Weight gain with BMI >29.0 (obese)

A

<15 lbs

45
Q

What is the weight gain in the first and second trimester from?

A

Mother’s changes

46
Q

What is the weight gain from in the third trimester?

A

Fetus

47
Q

What is the classic pattern of weight gain?

A

First trimester 2-4 lbs and then slightly less than a pound a week for the rest of the pregnancy

48
Q

Why does weight gain >2 lbs a week cause concern?

A

Fluid retention

49
Q

How much weight should be gained by 20 weeks gestation?

A

10 lbs

50
Q

What percent of childbearing women are overweight?

A

54.5%

51
Q

Eating nonfood substances

A

Pica

52
Q

What should a woman do if she gets a leg cramp?

A

Stand up and dorsiflex the foot

53
Q

Why is pregnancy common in pregnancy?

A

Decreased GI peristalsis

54
Q

How much caffeine can be consumed a day by a pregnant woman?

A

200 mg/day

55
Q

How many ounces of milk does a mother make each day?

A

23

56
Q

How many kcals are in an ounce of milk?

A

23

57
Q

How many kcals a day are needed just to produce milk?

A

640

58
Q

How many more kcals should a mom consume when lactating?

A

500 for the first 6 months

59
Q

Growth supplement for baby

A

Folacin

60
Q

How much weight should the mother lose after initial weight loss?

A

No more than 1 pound a week

61
Q

If mother is nutritionally deprived what happens to the milk?

A

The quantity is diminished

62
Q

How much liquid should the mother drink a day when breastfeeding?

A

2 quarts

63
Q

What impairs milk production and may make baby sleepy and a poor feeder?

A

Alcohol

64
Q

What does the mother drink that may cause irritability in the infant?

A

Caffeine

65
Q

What can the mother do that reduces the volume of milk?

A

Smoking

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