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old Sophomore cards > Infections for Patho > Flashcards

Infections for Patho Flashcards

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0
Q

Microorganisms normally living in or on body

A

Microflora

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1
Q

Microorganisms are multiplying in or on a host

A

Infection or colonization

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2
Q

What cause disease?

A

Pathogens

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3
Q

Pathogen capable of producing infection when host is weakened

A

Oppurtunistic pathogen

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4
Q

Small modified infectious host proteins

A

Prions

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5
Q

Manner of replication of prions

A

Not clearly known or understood

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6
Q

Where do bacteria like to grow?

A

Warm moist places

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7
Q

What stage is active replication without recognizable symptoms in host?

A

Incubation

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8
Q

Stage with initial appearance of symptoms most commonly malaise

A

Prodromal

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9
Q

When are you most highly infectious?

A

Prodromal stage

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10
Q

What stage is the maximum impact of infectious process with rapid proliferation and dissemination of pathogen

A

Acute

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11
Q

Stage where there is containment if the infection, elimination of pathogen, repair of danger tissue, and resolution of symptoms

A

Convalescent

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12
Q

What stage is total elimination of pathogen and no S/S of disease?

A

Resolution

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13
Q

When are you not infectious anymore?

A

Resolution stage

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14
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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15
Q

-emia

A

In the blood

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16
Q

Bacterial toxins in the blood

A

Sepsis or septicemia

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17
Q

Make an infection more likely to cause disease

A

Virulence factor

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18
Q

Exotoxins

A

Outside

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19
Q

Endotoxins

A

Inside

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20
Q

Help infective organism stick to body

A

Adhesion factor

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21
Q

Help keep immune system from killing infective agent

A

Evasive factor

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22
Q

After exposure to an infectious agent the body produces antibodies

A

Serology

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23
Q

Antibody that rises during the acute phase then falls

A

IgM

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24
Q

Antibody that remains elevated after the acute phase

A

IgG

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25
Q

What is the genetic material of viruses?

A

DNA or RNA but not both

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26
Q

What do viruses need to replicate and why?

A

Host cell because they have no metabolic capability

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27
Q

What happens when a host cell is “transformed”?

A

It carries the virus

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28
Q

What is a virus responsive to that makes it become active?

A

Stress or hormonal changes

29
Q

What are the effects of viruses?

A

Protein synthesis stops, enzymes kills cells, host cells fuse, secondary bacterial infections

30
Q

Where is HSV type 1 located?

A

Above the belt

31
Q

Where is HSV type 2 located?

A

Below the belt

32
Q

Inflammation of the dorsal root ganglia

A

Shingles

33
Q

What are the 3 ways antivirals work?

A

Interfere with nucleic acid synthesis, do not allow binding of cells to virus, and stimulate the body’s immune system

34
Q

Used to treat HSV, HSV 2, and varicella zoster

A

Acyclovir

35
Q

How is acyclovir most commonly administered?

A

Topical

36
Q

Does acyclovir cure the illnesses?

A

No it decreases the length of them

37
Q

What is a risk of giving acyclovir with AZT?

A

Neurotoxicity

38
Q

Used for treatment of HIV

A

Zidovudine

39
Q

How does zidovudine work?

A

Inhibits reverse transcriptase for replication

40
Q

What is an important SE of zidovudine?

A

Bone marrow suppression

41
Q

Drugs that reduce the duration of influenza A and B

A

Tamiflu and Relenza

42
Q

When should you start Tamiflu and Relenza?

A

Within 2 days of first symptoms

43
Q

When should you not give antivirals?

A

If patient has herpes zoster or is immunosuppressed

44
Q

One celled organisms with no true nucleus

A

Bacteria

45
Q

Released when the bacterial cell wall decomposes

A

Endotoxins

46
Q

Released during cell growth

A

Exotoxins

47
Q

Why are endotoxins pyrogenic?

A

Due to lysis of bacteria

48
Q

Bacteria requires oxygen

A

Aerobic

49
Q

Bacteria doesn’t require oxygen

A

Anaerobic

50
Q

Bacteria in blood

A

Septicemia

51
Q

How is TB transmitted?

A

Droplet

52
Q

What is the usual protocol for TB treatments?

A

Drug susceptibility tests, start 4-drug regimen, adjust after susceptibility test results

53
Q

What is a must in TB treatments?

A

Patient compliance

54
Q

How long is TB treatment?

A

6 months

55
Q

What TB drug inhibits protein synthesis?

A

Rifampin

56
Q

What TB drug inhibits cell wall synthesis?

A

Isoniazid

57
Q

When giving isoniazid what is it important to monitor?

A

Liver

58
Q

What is a SE of rifampin?

A

Bodily secretions turn red-orange/brown

59
Q

When do you take TB meds?

A

With meals

60
Q

Infection caused by fungus

A

Mycosis

61
Q

Mycotic infection that affects lungs

A

Blastomycosis

62
Q

What are examples of mycotic cutaneous infections?

A

Candidias, dermatophytes, and tinea

63
Q

Med for systemic mycoses

A

Amphotericin B

64
Q

What can amphotericin B do to potassium levels?

A

Decrease them

65
Q

What drug do you use caution with when giving amphotericin B?

A

Digoxin

66
Q

What is a bad side effect of amphotericin B?

A

Nephrotoxic

67
Q

What other drug can you give besides amphotericin B and why would you?

A

Fluconazole because it has less SE

68
Q

What can fluconazole increase?

A

Anticoagulant effects and phenytoin levels

69
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

Division

70
Q

What are the two classifications of fungi?

A

Yeasts and molds

71
Q

Single celled or multi celled organisms

A

Parasites

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