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UROGENITAL > [PATHO] RENAL FAILURE, RENAL TUMORS > Flashcards

[PATHO] RENAL FAILURE, RENAL TUMORS Flashcards

1
Q

Acute RF cc by

A

oliguria
rapid onset azotemia

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2
Q

causes of acute RF

A

1- severe GFR reduction
2-acute failure of tubular epithelium

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3
Q

prerenal causes of GFR reduction

A

acute circulatory failure

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4
Q

postrenal causes of GFR reduction

A

complete obstruction of urethra/both ureters

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5
Q

renal causes of GFR reduction

A

acute rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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6
Q

causes of acute failure of tubular epithelium

A

1-acute tubular injury
2-papillary necrosis
3-acute pyelonephritis

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7
Q

pathologic changes in RF (12)

A

1-changes in kidney
2-fibrinous pericarditis + pleurisy
3-uraemic pneumonitis
4-ulcerative enterocolitis
5-immunodeficiency
6-cvs changes w/ HTN
7-Renal osteodystrophy
8-normocytic normochromic anemia
9-mental changes
10-peripheral neuritis
11-coma
12-acid base, fluid, electrolytes disturbances

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8
Q

benign tumors of renal pelvis (3)

A

1-villous papilloma
2-hemangioma
3-fibroma

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9
Q

1ry malignant tumors of renal pelvis (2)

A

1-transitional cell carcinoma
2-sarcoma

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10
Q

adults
small
cortical foci of tubular/papillary epithelium

A

renal adenoma

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11
Q

well circumscribed
yellow-grey
soft
formed of BV, smooth muscle,adipose tissues

A

angiomyolipoma

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12
Q

well circumscribed
large
brown
central stellate star
formed of eosinophilic epithelial cells w uniform rounded nuclei

A

oncocytoma

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13
Q

RCC arises from

A

epithelial cells of renal tubules

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14
Q

adult male
smoker
possible exposure to cadmium
painless hematuria
flank pain
lung & bone manifestations
anemia, fever, weightloss
HTN
polycythemia
hypercalcemia
gynecomastia

A

RCC

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15
Q

GROSS picture of RCC (5)

A

1-well delineated mass
centered in cortex
2-yellow-golden cut surface
3-Hg
4-necrosis
5-cystic changes

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16
Q

MICRO: clear RCC (6)

A

1-arranged in solid masses/cords
tubules
2-dilated cysts w/ papillary formation
3-large cells w/ clear cytoplasm
4-scanty vascular stroma
5-Hg
6-necrosis

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17
Q

cells in RCC have clear cytoplasm due to

A

accumulation of glycogen & fat

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18
Q

polycythemia in RCC is due to

A

production of erythropoietic stimulating substance

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19
Q

hypercalcemia in RCC is due to

A

production of PTH-like substance

20
Q

gynecomastia in RCC is due to

A

production of gonadotropin & placental lactogen production

21
Q

genetic mutation associated w/ clear RCC

A

VHL disease

22
Q

early extension in RCC

A

to renal pelvis

23
Q

late extension in RCC

A

to renal capsule

24
Q

most common sites of metastasis in RCC

A

lungs
bones (pelvis & femur)
CNS
suprarenals

25
Q

blood spread in RCC is due to

A

renal vein invasion

26
Q

left renal vein invasion in RCC can lead to

A

varicoceles on left side

27
Q

lymphatic spread in RCC to

A

lumbar LNs

28
Q

genetic mutations associated w/ papillary RCC

A

MET proto-oncogene mutation

29
Q

bilateral
multifocal
bad prognosis
branching papillae
cells w/ large nuclei & little cytoplasm
psamomma bodies

A

papillary RCC

30
Q

large cells
clear halo
↑mitochondria
granular eosinophilic cytoplasm
prominent cell membranes
multiple losses of chromosomes

A

Chromophobe RCC

31
Q

children 2-5 years
rapidly growing
large abdominal mass
hematuria
abdominal pain
intestinal obstruction
HTN
destructive, infiltrative
homogenous grey cut surface
Hg
necrosis

A

Wilm’s tumor

32
Q

embryona-nephroblastoma

A

Wilm’s tumor

33
Q

Wilm’s tumor arises from

A

embryonic precursor cells

34
Q

early extension in Wilm’s tumor

A

renal capsule

35
Q

late extension in Wilm’s tumor

A

renal pelvis & ureter

36
Q

MICRO:
extremely cellular
small oval primitive cells
v scanty/oncocytoid cytoplasm

A

blastematous areas in Wilm’s tumor

37
Q

spindle cell fibroblast like config
differentiation towards smooth msc, skeletal msc, cartilage, myxomatous tissue

A

mesenchymal areas in Wilm’s tumor

38
Q

glandular/tubular/glomerular formation of anaplastic masses of malignant epithelial cells

A

epithelial areas in Wilm’s tumor

39
Q

sites of blood metastasis in Wilm’s tumor

A

lungs
liver
brain

40
Q

local invasion in Wilm’s tumor of

A

1-renal capsule
2-perirenal soft tissue
3-adrenals
4-liver
5-bowel
6-vertebrae

41
Q

Cl/P of Wilm’s tumor (5)

A

1-hematuria
2-HTN
3-intestinal obstruction
4-large abdominal mass
5-abdominal pain

42
Q

Cl/P of RCC (9)

A

1-painless hematuria
2-HTN
3-Flank pain
4-anemia
5-fever
6-weight loss
7-polycythemia
8-hypercalcemia
9-gynecomastia

43
Q

MICRO: Papillary RCC

A

branching papillae covered by single layer of cells w/ large nuclei & little cytoplasm

44
Q

MICRO: Chromophobe RCC (3)

A

1-large cells w/ granular eosinophilic cyto
2-prominent cell membranes
3-compact pattern arrangement

45
Q

GROSS: Wilm’s tumor (4)

A

1-cut surface: homogenous grey
2- infiltrates capsule & pelvis
3-Hg
4-Necrosis

UROGENITAL (22 decks)

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