Path/Pharm Flashcards
histology apoptosis
eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nucleus
DNA laddering
fragments in multiples of 180
indicator of apoptosis
BAX and BAK
pro apoptotic
extrinsic death receptor pathway
ligand (FasL/Fas) or TNF-alpha
defective Fas-FasL
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
histology coagulative necrosis
cell outlines with no nuclei
increase eosin
cause of fibrinoid necrosis
type III HSR
seen in vasculitis, pre-eclampsia, malignant HTN
histology fibrinoid necrosis
vessel walls and thick and pink
cause of cellular swelling
decrase ATP leads to decrease activity Na/K and Ca pumps
reperfusion
red infarct
damage from free radicals
associated conditions dystrophic calcification
TB, shistosomiasis, congenital CMV, toxo, rubella, CREST, psammoma bodies
margination and rolling
e-selectin from TNF and IL-1
p-selectin
CD34
tight binding
ICAM-1 and VCAM-1
decreased in decreased CD18
PDGF
secreted by activated platelets and macrophages
stimulates fibroblasts
FGF
angiogenesis
EGF
growth via tyrosine kinases
TGF-beta
angiogenesis and fibrosis
formation granuloma
Th1 secrete IFN gamma
macrophages secrete TNF alpha
hypercalcemia from granuloma
due to calcitriol
exudates
cloudy due to lymph obstruction, inflammation, malignancy
ESR
inflammation products coat RBCs and cause aggregation
secondary amyloidosis
in inflammatory conditions
fibrils of amyloid a
dialysis amyloidosis
beta 2
may present as carpal tunnel syndrome
familial amyloid polyneuropathies
due to transthyretin gene mutaiton
islet amyloid polypeptide
in T2DM
caused by deposition of amylin in pancreatic islets
cause of lipofuscin
oxidation and polymerization of autophagocytosed organellar membranes
hamartoma
disorganized growth in native location
choristoma
normal tissue in foreign location (Meckel)
acanthosis nigrans association
gastric adenocarcinoma and other visceral malignancies
insulin resistance and obesity
seborrheic keratoses
GI adenocarcinoma and other visceral malignancies
PTHrP paraneoplastic
squamous cell of head, neck, lung
renal, bladder, breast, and ovarian
incrase calcitriol paraneoplastic
lymphoma
increase EPO paraneoplastic
renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, pheo, leiomyoma
thymoma paraneoplastic
hypogammaglobulinemia (Good syndrome), pure red aplasia, migratory thrombophlebitis
anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
ovarian teratoma
dancing eyes, dancing feet
neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer
anti-Hu
small cell
breast
anti-Yo
Hodgkin lymphoma
anti-Tr
ALK
lung adenocarcinoma
BRAF
melanoma, non-Hodgkin, papillary thyroid
KRAS
GTPase
colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer
mycl1
lung tumor
mycn
transcription factor
neuroblastoma
CDKN2A
blocks G1-S
melanoma and pancreatic cancer
DCC
colon cancer
DPC
pancreatic cancer
neurofibromin
NF1 (Ras GTPase activating)
PTEN
phosphatase of PIP3
breast cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer
Li Fraumeni cancer
sarcoma, breast, leukemia, adrenal gland
TSC1
hamartin
TSC2
tuberin
VHL
inhibits hypoxia inducible factor 1a
WT1
regulates urogenital development (nephroblastoma)
HTLV1
adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
psammoma bodies
papillary carcinoma of thyroid
serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
meningioma
malignant mesothelioma
alpha fetoprotein
hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac, mixed germ cell
p glycoprotein
multidrug resistance protein, seen in adrenocortical carcinoma