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Immuno Random Flashcards

1
Q

primary vs secondary follicles in LN

A

primary dense and dormant

secondary have pale central germinal centers and are active

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2
Q

enlargement of paracortex

A

extreme cellular immune response-viral infection

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3
Q

para-aortic LN

A

testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

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4
Q

popliteal

A

dorsolateral foot, posterior calf

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5
Q

thoracic duct

A

left subclavian and internal jugular veins

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6
Q

superficial inguinal

A

anal canal below pectinate, skin below umbilicus, scrotum, vulva

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7
Q

location spleen

A

anterior to left kidney

9th-11th ribs

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8
Q

PALS in spleen

A

T cells

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9
Q

splenic dysfunction

A

decrease IgM leads to increase encapsulated organism

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10
Q

post-splenectomy

A

Howell-Jolly
target cells
thrombocytosis
lymphocytosis

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11
Q

thymus

A

third pharyngeal pouch

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12
Q

thymoma

A

myasthenia gravis and superior vena cava syndrome

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13
Q

location Hassall corpuscles

A

in thymus

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14
Q

physical barriers innate immunity

A

epithelial tight junctions, mucus

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15
Q

antigen loading MHC I

A

loaded onto MHC I in RER after delivery via TAP

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16
Q

antigen loading MHC II

A

loaded following release of invariant chain in an acidified endosome

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17
Q

associated proteins MHC I

A

beta2 microglobulin

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18
Q

associated proteins MHC II

A

invariant chain

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19
Q

A3

A

hemochormatosis

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20
Q

B8

A

addison, myasthenia gravis, Graves

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21
Q

B27

A

psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD associated arthritis, reactive arthritis

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22
Q

DQ2/8

A

celiac disease

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23
Q

DR2

A

MS, hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture syndrome

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24
Q

DR3

A

T1DM, SLE, graves, hashimoto, addison

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25
Q

DR4

A

rheumatoid arthritis, T1DM, addison

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26
Q

DR5

A

pernicious anemia, hashimoto

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27
Q

NK apoptosis

A

use perforin and granzyme

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28
Q

enhancement NK

A

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta

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29
Q

defective AIRE

A

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 1

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30
Q

secretion Th1

A

IFN gamma, IL-2

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31
Q

inhibition Th1

A

IL-4 and IL-10

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32
Q

secretion Th2

A

IL-4,5,6,10,13

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33
Q

inhibition Th2

A

IFN gamma

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34
Q

expression reg T cells

A

3,4,25 FOXP3

produce anti-inflammatory cytokines

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35
Q

IPEX

A

defect in FOXP3

enteropathy, endocrinopathy, nail dystrophy, dermatitis

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36
Q

associations IPEX

A

diabetes in male infants

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37
Q

T cell activation

A

B7/28

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38
Q

B cell classification

A

CD40/40L

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39
Q

Fab

A

fragment antigen binding

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40
Q

Fc

A

constant
carboxy terminal
carbohydrate side chains
determines isotype

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41
Q

recombination of VDJ heavy chain

A

recobination

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42
Q

Tdt

A

random addition of nucleotides to DNA during recombination

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43
Q

somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation

A

variable region

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44
Q

isotype switching

A

constant region

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45
Q

crossing IgA by

A

transcytosis

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46
Q

monomer vs dimer IgA

A

monomer in circulation

dimer with J chain secreted

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47
Q

thymus independent antigens

A

lack peptide component
weakly immunogenic, require boosters and adjuvants
ex-LPS

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48
Q

thymus dependent antigens

A 
contain protein
class switching and immunologic memory occur
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49
Q

acute phase reactants upregulated

A 
c-reactive protein
ferritin
fibrinogen
hepcidin
amyloid A
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50
Q

acute phase reactants down regulated

A

albumin

transferrin

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51
Q

c-reactive protein

A

opsonin, fixes complement

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52
Q

hepcidin

A

decrease iron absoprtion by downregulating ferroportin and decrease release

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53
Q

reduction of albumin

A

conserves amino acids for positive reactants

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54
Q

anaphylaxis complement

A

c3a, 4a, 5a

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55
Q

c5a

A

neutrophil chemotaxis

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56
Q

inhibitors complement

A

DAF (CD55) and C1 esterase inhibitor

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57
Q

c3 deficiency

A

increases risk of pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infection
increased type III HSR

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58
Q

labs c1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

A

increase bradykinin

decrease C4

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59
Q

Il-12

A

activates NK cells

induces activation of T cells into Th1 cells

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60
Q

TNF alpha

A

activates endothelium

causes cachexia in malignancy

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61
Q

mediates sepsis

A

IL-1,6, TNF-alpha

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62
Q

functions like GM-CSF

A

IL-3

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63
Q

enhances class switching to IgE and IgG

64
Q

color of sputum

65
Q

pyocyanin of P. aeruginoas

A

generate ROS kills competing microbes

66
Q

lactoferrin

A

from secretory fluids and neutrophils that inhibits microbial growth via iron chelation

67
Q

function interferon

A

glycoproteins synthesized from virus infected cells priming other cells for viral defense

68
Q

CD56

69
Q

hematopoietic stem cells

70
Q

superantigens

A 
cross link beat region of T cell receptor to MHC class II on APCs
activate CD4 T cells
71
Q

endotoxins

A

stimulate macrophages by binding CD14

72
Q

bacteria antigenic variation

A

salmonella (2 flagellar variants)
borrelia
gonorrhea (pilus protein)

73
Q

virus antigenic variation

A

influenza, HIV, HCV

74
Q

parasite variation

A

trypanosomes

75
Q

examples of passive immunity

A

IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody

76
Q

examples of active immunity

A

natural infection, vaccines, toxoid

77
Q

uses of passive immunity

A 
tetanus
botulism
HBV
varicella
rabies
78
Q

examples of live attenuated vaccine

A

BCG, influenza, measles, mumps, polio (Sabin), rotavirus, rubella, varicella, yellow fever

79
Q

inactivated vaccine examples

A

rabies, influenza, polio (Salk), hep A

80
Q

direct coombs

A

detects Ab attached directly to RBC surface

81
Q

indirect coombs

A

detects presence of unbound antibodies in serum

82
Q

characterizations arthus reaction

A

edema, necrosis, and activation of complement

from injection

83
Q

anaphylaxis infusion

A

IgA deficiency

84
Q

febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction

A

type II HSR

host antibodies against honor HLA antigens and WBCs

85
Q

acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

type II HSR

intravascular hemolysis or extravascular

86
Q

transfusion related acute lung injury

A

anti-leukocyte antibodies against recipient neutrophils and pulmonary endothelial cells
results in respiratory distress and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

87
Q

anti-beta 2 glycoprotein

A

antiphospholipid syndrome

88
Q

anticardiolipin lupus anticoargulant

89
Q

anti-desmoglein

A

pemphigus vulgaris

90
Q

anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies

91
Q

anti-hemidesmosomes

A

bullous pemphigoid

92
Q

antisynthetase, anti-SRP, anti-helicase

A

poliomyositis, dermatomyositis

93
Q

anti-mitochondrial

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

94
Q

anti-phospholipase A2

A

primary membranous nephropathy

95
Q

anti-DNA topo I

A

scleroderma

96
Q

anti-smoth muscle

A

autoimmune hepatitis type 1

97
Q

Ab rheumatoid arthritis

A

rheumatoid factor

anti-CCP (more specific)

98
Q

anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith

99
Q

anti-U1 RNP

A

mixed connective tissue disease

100
Q

risks CVID

A

autoimmune disease, bronchiectasis, lymphoma, sinopulmonary infection

101
Q

DiGeorge cardiac

A

tetrology of Fallot, truncus arteriosus

102
Q

findings IL-12 receptor deficiency

A

decrease IFN-gamma

103
Q

presentation IL-12 receptor deficiency

A

mycobacterial and fungal infections

104
Q

hyper-IgE syndrome

A

AD from STAT mutation

105
Q

findings hyper IgE

A

decrease IFN gamma increase IgE

106
Q

presentation hyper IgE

A

coarse facies, staph abscesses, retained teeth, eczema

107
Q

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

A

from T cell dysfunction

absent response to candida and cutaneous reaction

108
Q

cure SCID

A

bone marrow transplant

109
Q

genetics ataxia telangiectasia

A

defects in ATM

failure to repair DNA ds breaks

110
Q

findings ataxia telangiectasia

A

increase AFP

decrease IgA, IgE, IgG

111
Q

risk ataxia telangiectasia

A

increase risk of lymphoma and leukemia

112
Q

cause hype IgM syndrome

A

defective CD40L

113
Q

WASP genetics

A

WASP gene-unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton

114
Q

presentation Wiskott-Aldrich

A

thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections

115
Q

risk wiskott-aldrich

A

autoimmune disease and malignancy

116
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

117
Q

genetics Chediak-Higashi syndrome

A

LYST leading to MT dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion

118
Q

presentation chediak-higashi

A

pyogenic infection, partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, progressive neurodegeneration, infiltative lymphohistiocytosis

119
Q

decrease granulocytes bacteria

A

staph, burkholderia, pseudomonas, serratia, nocardia

120
Q

fungal decrease granulocytes

A

candida, aspergillus, mucor

121
Q

hyperacute transplant rejection

A

widespread thrombosis of graft vessels

type II HSR

122
Q

cellular acute rejection

A

CD8 against donor MHC (type IV HSR)

123
Q

features acute rejection

A

vasculitis with interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate

124
Q

chronic rejection

A

CD4 T respond to recipient APCs

both type 2 and type 4 HSR

125
Q

features chronic rejection

A

proliferation of smooth muscle, parenchymal atrophy, interstiail fibrosis

126
Q

chronic rejection lung

A

bronchiolitis obliterans

127
Q

chronic rejection heart

A

accelerated atherosclerosis

128
Q

chronic rejection kidney

A

nephropathy

129
Q

chronic rejection liver

A

vanishing bile duct syndrome

130
Q

common GVHD

A

bone marrow and liver transplants

131
Q

MOA cyclosporine

A

calcineurin inhibitor binding cyclophilin preventing IL-2 transcirption

132
Q

side effect cyclosporine

A

nephrotoxicity

gingival hyperplasia

133
Q

tacrolimus

A

binds FK506 blocking IL-2 transcirption

134
Q

side effect tacrolimus

A

risk of diabets and neurotoxicity

nephrotoxic

135
Q

sirolimus

A

mTOR inhibitor binds FKBP

prevents IL-2 response

136
Q

side effects sirolimus

A

pancytopenia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia

137
Q

basiliximab

A

blocks IL-2R

138
Q

aldesleukin

A

used in RCC, melanoma

139
Q

Filgrastim vs sargramostim

A

granulocyte vs GM-CSF

140
Q

IFN-beta

141
Q

IFN-gamma

A

chronic granulomatous disease

142
Q

romiplostim and eltrombopag

A

used for thrombocytopenia

analog and agonist for thrombopoietin

143
Q

oprelvekin

A

IL-11

thrombocytopenia

144
Q

alemtuzumab

A

CD52 for CLL and MS

145
Q

bevacizumab

146
Q

cetuximab

147
Q

rituximab

148
Q

daclizumab

A

CD25-part of IL-2 receptor for MS

149
Q

eculizumab

A

complement C5 target for PNH

150
Q

natalizumab

A

alpha4 integrin

risk of PML in patients with JC virus

151
Q

ustekinumab

A

IL-12/23 for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

152
Q

abciximab

A

binds IIb/IIIa

percutaneous coronary intervention

153
Q

denosumab

A

RNAKL inhibits osteoclast maturation (mimics osteoprotegerin)

154
Q

omalizumab

A

prevents IgE bindign to Fc

155
Q

palivizumab

A

RSV prophylaxis

targets RSV F protein

156
Q

bevacizumab

A

VEGF target

for macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema

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