Learn from your mistakes 2 Flashcards
mountain alkalosis
hyperventilation causes hypocapnia in addition to hypoxia
hyperosmotic contraction
loss of free water
diabetes insipidus
identify appendix
teniae coli
combined beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine ca channel blockers
additive negative chronotropic effects
xanthelesma
seen in primary biliary cirrhosis
spinal stenosis
most common in lumbar region
usually due to disc herniation, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and osteophyte formation
buildup of pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
leads to impaired axoplasmic flow
optic nerve compression
prevention of gynecomastia in prostate patients
tamoxifen
saccular vs charcot
charcot from HTN leads to intracerebral hemorrhage
saccular subarachnoid hemorrhage
posterior view of knee prominent
posterior cruciate ligament
desire hepatic clearance
high lipophilicity
schizo without mood symptoms
schizoaffective
injured during appendectomy
iliohypogastric nerve
conversion of sorbitol
into fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase
when it doesnt happen in diabetes leads to fluid accumulation
AA that become propionyl CoA
valine
isoleucine
methionine
threonine
glucose transport into adipocytes
carrier-mediated transport
rapid relief to RA
glucocorticoids and NSAIDs
atrial fib
loss of atrial contraction decreases preload and can exacerbate aortic stenosis
inferior wall MI
decrease CO and PCWP
increase CVP due to RV dysfunction and impaired forward flow
no heme synthesis in RBC
no mitochondria
repeated infarct in sickle cell
fibrosis and atrophy
pathogenesis hepatic seatosis
due to decreased beta oxidation and excess NADH
CREST in esophagus
fibrous replacement of lower esophagus
v wave on left atrial tracing
mitral regurg
upsloping atrial pressure
influenza vaccination
inhibition of viral entry into cells
risk factors nephrolithiasis
low fluid low calcium high oxalate high protein high sodium high fructose
retroperitoneal hematoma from warfarin
injures femoral (passes through psoas) loss of sensation anterior aspect or thigh
adverese cholorthalidone
hypercholestrolemia
ischemic colon
problem with pyruvate dehydrogenase
leads to lactic acidosis due to anaerobic conditions
no edema
increased lymph drainage
alter inositol in alpha1
change PKC because PLC comes before IP3 so unaffected
inhibited by F26BP
alanine to glucose
result of demyelination
change in length constant
demyelination increases time constant
renal angiomyolipoma
TS
association with brain hamartomas and ash leaf skin patches
dimpling breast cancer
impact suspensory ligament
limited language proficiency
have an interpreter
mediator acute hemorrhagic transfusion reaction
complement mediated cell lysis
type II HSR
placement of pacemaker
place in atrioventricular groove
ablation for arrhythmia
interartial septum near opening of the coronary sinus
abnormal ABG in obese pation
obesity hypoventilation syndrome
hypoxemia and normal A-a gradient
3’ end of tRNA
CCA
contains chemically modified bases
theophylline toxicity
from cipro, macrolides, verapamil, or cimetidine due to altered hepatic cytochrome oxidases
formation of fibrous cap in atheroma
from vascular smooth muscle cells
findings of serum sickness
type III HSR with low c3 and c4
rash and arthralgias
cholesterol stone fromation
gemfibrozil
fibrates reduce bile acid synthesis
target of adrenal hyperplasia
ACTH
androgen not testosterone from reticularis-contributes very little to overall virilization-testosterone
arthritis and rash
Parvo infection
deep brain stim for parkinson
target subthalamic nucleus
bleeding esophageal varices
portal vein thrombosis
causes hypertension, splenomegaly, and varices
cause of AAA
chronic transmural inflammation
oxidative stress and smooth muscle apoptosis
(cystic medial in Marfan)
lactose intolerance stool
decrease pH
short chain FA acidify the stool
elevated stool osmolality
dermatomyositis
paraneoplastic from carcinoma (ovarian, lung, colorectal, non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
AV shunts
increase preload and decrease afterload
paraneoplastic small cell lung cancer to the brain
degeneration
autoimmune from anti-Yo, P/Q, and Hu antibodies
increased substance in overgrowth from bypass
folate and vitamin K
due to production from enteric bacteria
increased wedge
wedge estimates LA pressure
increase in wedge would be seen in mitral stenosis
Rosenthal fibers
seen pilocytic astrocytoma
cause of vitiligo
loss of epidermal melanocytes
anterolateral fracture of humerus
radial nerve injury
results in wrist drop
brachial artery runs with median nerve and could be injured in anteromedial fracture
putamen location
lateral to basal ganglia in cross section
artery with radial nerve
injured in mid-humerus fracture
deep branch of brachial artery
gluconeogenesis
glycerol kinase
important in DKA
endogenous synthesis niacin
from tryptophan
serpentine pattern
virulence
responsible for inactivating neutrophils, damaging mitochondria, and inducing release of TNF
NE to epi
PMNT
stimulated by cortisol
benzos vs SSRI for panic disorder
avoid benzos in patients with history of drug abuse
can give SSRI instead
tabes dorsalis and light that does not react to light
spirochete infection
tertiary syphilis
treatment primary psychogenic polydipsia
water deprivation