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Step One > Anatomy/Biochem Random > Flashcards

Anatomy/Biochem Random Flashcards

1
Q

upward proximal fragment in fracture of clavicle

A

sternocleidomastoid

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2
Q

fatal hemorrhage clavicle fracture

A

subclavian vein

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3
Q

nerve clavicle fracture

A

medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves

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4
Q

calcification of superior transvere scapular ligament

A

compress suprascapular nerve

affects supra and infraspinatus muscles

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5
Q

fracture greater tuberosity

A

violent contraction supraspinatus

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6
Q

fracture surgical necek

A

axillary

posterior humeral circumflex artery

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7
Q

fracture shaft

A

radial nerve and deep brachial artery

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8
Q

supracondylar fracture

A

injury to median nerve

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9
Q

fracture of medial epicondyle

A

damage ulnar nerve

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10
Q

fracture scaphoid

A

damage radial artery

avascular necrosis of bone and degenerative joint disease

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11
Q

fracture hamate

A

ulnar nerve and artery

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12
Q

entrapment ulnar nerve

A

Guyon’s canal syndroem

canal formed by pisiform, hook of hamate, pisohamate ligament

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13
Q

location of dislocation shoulder joint

A

anteroinferior

damage axillary and posterior humeral circumflex vessels

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14
Q

Cooper’s ligaments

A

shortening in breast cancer causes dimpling of skin

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15
Q

cause of inverted nipple

A

attachment to lactiferous ducts

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16
Q

injury radical mastectomy

A

long thoracic and thoracodorsal nerves

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17
Q

no paresthesia in Carpal tunnel over thenar eminence

A

palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve

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18
Q

weakness supination and flexion of forearm

A

musculocutaneous

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19
Q

fractured femoral head

A

shortened limb with medial rotation

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20
Q

fractured neck of femur

A

shorter with lateral rotation

interrupts supply from medial femoral circumflex artery

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21
Q

dislocated knee injury

A

popliteral artery

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22
Q

injection site

A

superior lateral quadrant

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23
Q

pressure on sciatic nerve

A

piriformis

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24
Q

avulsion of ischial tuberosity

A

hamstring pull

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25
Q

common cause of shin splints

A

tibialis anterior muscle

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26
Q

avulsion Achilles

A

unable to use triceps surae

unable to plantar flex

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27
Q

ankle sprain

A

calcaneofibular and talofibular ligament injury

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28
Q

flat foot

A

loss of medial longitudinal arch

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29
Q

weakness in adduction and lateral swinging of limb

A

obturator damage

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30
Q

impaired flexion of hip and extension of leg

A

femoral nerve

due to paralysis of quad femoris

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31
Q

loss of plantar flexion

A

tibial nerve

paralysis of tibilais posterior

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32
Q

cruciate anastomosis

A

first perforating artery
inferior gluteal artery
transverse-medial and lateral femoral circumflex

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33
Q

bypass politeal aneurysm

A

genicular anastomoses

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34
Q

abnormal insertions of anterior and middle scalene muscles

A

can cause thoracic outlet

compres C8-T1

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35
Q

injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

carcinoma, enlargement of mediastinal LN, aneurysm, thyroid surgery

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36
Q

epigastric hernia

A

protrusion through defect in linea alba

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37
Q

location inguinal hernia

A

superior to inguinal ligmanet

medial to pubic tubercle

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38
Q

cause inguinal hernia

A

persistence of processus vaginalis

39
Q

direct inguinal hernia

A

weakened area of abdominal wall muscles

40
Q

creamsteric reflex

A

afferent-femoral of genitofemoral, ilioinguinal

efferent-genital branch of genitofemoral

41
Q

abnormal formation of urorectal septum

A

anorectal agenesis

42
Q

Pringle maneuver

A

clamping hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal triad

43
Q

extravasted urine

A

rupture bulbous portion of spongy urethra
urine into superficial perineal space-cannot spread laterally into thigh due to inferior fascia and cannot spread posteriorly due to colles fascia

44
Q

rupture membranous portion of urethra

A

urine can extravasate upward around prostate

45
Q

phismosis

A

foreskin cannot be fully retracted due to narrow opening

46
Q

pudendal nerve block

A

point toward ischial spine

subq medial to ischial tuberosity

47
Q

excision in vasectomy

A

ducus deferens of vas deferens

48
Q

contents sperm

A

fructose and choline

49
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slip of one vertebra

usually 5th lumbar over sacrum

50
Q

stiff neck from reduction in number of cervical vertebrae

A

Klippel-Feil syndrome

51
Q

whiplash

A

most commonly at C4/C5

52
Q

Hangman fracture

A

cruciform ligament is torn and spinal cord is crushed

53
Q

tethered cord syndrome

A

defective closure of neural tube

abnormally low conus

54
Q

saddle block

A

into dural sac

55
Q

torticollis

A

turned to opposite side

56
Q

Eagle syndrome compression

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

due to excessive calcification of styloid process

57
Q

central venous line

A

placed into internal jugular or subclavian

58
Q

tracheotomy

A

between 3rd and 4th cartilage rings

59
Q

cricothyroid

A

through skin and cricothyroid membrane

could get anterior jugular in midline

60
Q

retrophyaryngeal abscess

A

can spread to mediastinum through retrophyaryngeal space

61
Q

mandible posteriorly and superiorly

A

fracture bony auditory canal and floor of middle cranial fossa

62
Q

injury in tonsillectomy

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

63
Q

injury to external larygneal nerve

A

accompanies superior thyroid artery

causes paralysis of cricothyroid muscle

64
Q

deficiency of glut 1

A

decrease glucose in CSF

present with seizures

65
Q

aldolase def

A

cannot cleave F16BP

hemolytic anemia and rhabdomyolysis after febrile illness

66
Q

triose phosphate isomease deficiency

A

cannot isomerize dihydroxyacetone to G3P
hemolytic anemia
hypotonia and cardiomyopathy

67
Q

maturity onset diabetes

A

defect in glucokinase

68
Q

phosphofructose deficiency

A

hemolytic anemia and muscle cramps

69
Q

arsenic inhibits

A

PDHC

impaired acetyl CoA production

70
Q

PDHC deficiency

A

nuerodegenerative
abnormal mitochondrial metabolism
lactate buildup

71
Q

pyruvate carboxylase deficiency

A

accumulation of lactic acid

no pyruvate to OAA

72
Q

mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis

A

I MELAS

73
Q

loss of central vision

A

LHON III

74
Q

retinopathy and cardiac conduction def

A

II Kearns Sayre

75
Q

mutation in ALS

A

superoxide dismutase

76
Q

fatty infiltration of liver and kidney

A

PEPCK deficiency

77
Q

neonatal hypoglycemia and normal muscular

A

def F16BP

78
Q

muscle cramping and myoglobinuria after intense exercise

A

lactate dehydrogenase

79
Q

reducing surgars

A

fructokinase def

80
Q

increased risk of E. coli infection

A

galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase def

galactosemia

81
Q

A in ABO

A

n-acetylgalactosamine

82
Q

B in ABO

A

galactose

83
Q

I cell def

A

cannot add M6P

accumulate in large inclusion bodies

84
Q

causes of chylous ascites

A

surgery, trauma, lymphomas

85
Q

def of carnitine transport

A

impairs transport of LCFA into mitochondria

86
Q

MCAD def

A 
def of acy CoA dehydrogenase 
fatty acids cannot be fully oxidized
87
Q

impaired formation of peroxisome

A

Zellwegger

accumulation of LCFA

88
Q

adrenoleukodystrophy

A

accumulation of VLCFA

89
Q

low HDL and enlarged liver

A

Tangier

cholesterol cannot bind apoA

90
Q

increased citrulline

A

argininosuccinate synthetase def

91
Q

hyperammoneima

A

seen in arginosuccinate lyase

92
Q

increase propinoyl CoA and metayl citrate

A

methyl malonyl CoA mutase def

93
Q

defect in homocystinuria

A

cystathione beta synthase

leads to increase homocystine and methionine

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