Anatomy/Biochem Random Flashcards
upward proximal fragment in fracture of clavicle
sternocleidomastoid
fatal hemorrhage clavicle fracture
subclavian vein
nerve clavicle fracture
medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous nerves
calcification of superior transvere scapular ligament
compress suprascapular nerve
affects supra and infraspinatus muscles
fracture greater tuberosity
violent contraction supraspinatus
fracture surgical necek
axillary
posterior humeral circumflex artery
fracture shaft
radial nerve and deep brachial artery
supracondylar fracture
injury to median nerve
fracture of medial epicondyle
damage ulnar nerve
fracture scaphoid
damage radial artery
avascular necrosis of bone and degenerative joint disease
fracture hamate
ulnar nerve and artery
entrapment ulnar nerve
Guyon’s canal syndroem
canal formed by pisiform, hook of hamate, pisohamate ligament
location of dislocation shoulder joint
anteroinferior
damage axillary and posterior humeral circumflex vessels
Cooper’s ligaments
shortening in breast cancer causes dimpling of skin
cause of inverted nipple
attachment to lactiferous ducts
injury radical mastectomy
long thoracic and thoracodorsal nerves
no paresthesia in Carpal tunnel over thenar eminence
palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve
weakness supination and flexion of forearm
musculocutaneous
fractured femoral head
shortened limb with medial rotation
fractured neck of femur
shorter with lateral rotation
interrupts supply from medial femoral circumflex artery
dislocated knee injury
popliteral artery
injection site
superior lateral quadrant
pressure on sciatic nerve
piriformis
avulsion of ischial tuberosity
hamstring pull
common cause of shin splints
tibialis anterior muscle
avulsion Achilles
unable to use triceps surae
unable to plantar flex
ankle sprain
calcaneofibular and talofibular ligament injury
flat foot
loss of medial longitudinal arch
weakness in adduction and lateral swinging of limb
obturator damage
impaired flexion of hip and extension of leg
femoral nerve
due to paralysis of quad femoris
loss of plantar flexion
tibial nerve
paralysis of tibilais posterior
cruciate anastomosis
first perforating artery
inferior gluteal artery
transverse-medial and lateral femoral circumflex
bypass politeal aneurysm
genicular anastomoses
abnormal insertions of anterior and middle scalene muscles
can cause thoracic outlet
compres C8-T1
injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve
carcinoma, enlargement of mediastinal LN, aneurysm, thyroid surgery
epigastric hernia
protrusion through defect in linea alba
location inguinal hernia
superior to inguinal ligmanet
medial to pubic tubercle
cause inguinal hernia
persistence of processus vaginalis
direct inguinal hernia
weakened area of abdominal wall muscles
creamsteric reflex
afferent-femoral of genitofemoral, ilioinguinal
efferent-genital branch of genitofemoral
abnormal formation of urorectal septum
anorectal agenesis
Pringle maneuver
clamping hepatoduodenal ligament containing portal triad
extravasted urine
rupture bulbous portion of spongy urethra
urine into superficial perineal space-cannot spread laterally into thigh due to inferior fascia and cannot spread posteriorly due to colles fascia
rupture membranous portion of urethra
urine can extravasate upward around prostate
phismosis
foreskin cannot be fully retracted due to narrow opening
pudendal nerve block
point toward ischial spine
subq medial to ischial tuberosity
excision in vasectomy
ducus deferens of vas deferens
contents sperm
fructose and choline
spondylolisthesis
forward slip of one vertebra
usually 5th lumbar over sacrum
stiff neck from reduction in number of cervical vertebrae
Klippel-Feil syndrome
whiplash
most commonly at C4/C5
Hangman fracture
cruciform ligament is torn and spinal cord is crushed
tethered cord syndrome
defective closure of neural tube
abnormally low conus
saddle block
into dural sac
torticollis
turned to opposite side
Eagle syndrome compression
glossopharyngeal nerve
due to excessive calcification of styloid process
central venous line
placed into internal jugular or subclavian
tracheotomy
between 3rd and 4th cartilage rings
cricothyroid
through skin and cricothyroid membrane
could get anterior jugular in midline
retrophyaryngeal abscess
can spread to mediastinum through retrophyaryngeal space
mandible posteriorly and superiorly
fracture bony auditory canal and floor of middle cranial fossa
injury in tonsillectomy
glossopharyngeal nerve
injury to external larygneal nerve
accompanies superior thyroid artery
causes paralysis of cricothyroid muscle
deficiency of glut 1
decrease glucose in CSF
present with seizures
aldolase def
cannot cleave F16BP
hemolytic anemia and rhabdomyolysis after febrile illness
triose phosphate isomease deficiency
cannot isomerize dihydroxyacetone to G3P
hemolytic anemia
hypotonia and cardiomyopathy
maturity onset diabetes
defect in glucokinase
phosphofructose deficiency
hemolytic anemia and muscle cramps
arsenic inhibits
PDHC
impaired acetyl CoA production
PDHC deficiency
nuerodegenerative
abnormal mitochondrial metabolism
lactate buildup
pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
accumulation of lactic acid
no pyruvate to OAA
mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis
I MELAS
loss of central vision
LHON III
retinopathy and cardiac conduction def
II Kearns Sayre
mutation in ALS
superoxide dismutase
fatty infiltration of liver and kidney
PEPCK deficiency
neonatal hypoglycemia and normal muscular
def F16BP
muscle cramping and myoglobinuria after intense exercise
lactate dehydrogenase
reducing surgars
fructokinase def
increased risk of E. coli infection
galactose 1 phosphate uridyltransferase def
galactosemia
A in ABO
n-acetylgalactosamine
B in ABO
galactose
I cell def
cannot add M6P
accumulate in large inclusion bodies
causes of chylous ascites
surgery, trauma, lymphomas
def of carnitine transport
impairs transport of LCFA into mitochondria
MCAD def
def of acy CoA dehydrogenase fatty acids cannot be fully oxidized
impaired formation of peroxisome
Zellwegger
accumulation of LCFA
adrenoleukodystrophy
accumulation of VLCFA
low HDL and enlarged liver
Tangier
cholesterol cannot bind apoA
increased citrulline
argininosuccinate synthetase def
hyperammoneima
seen in arginosuccinate lyase
increase propinoyl CoA and metayl citrate
methyl malonyl CoA mutase def
defect in homocystinuria
cystathione beta synthase
leads to increase homocystine and methionine
