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Test 7 > Path 3 CNS > Flashcards

Path 3 CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Insulinoma

A

Causes chronic hypoglycemia

Global cerebral ischemia

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2
Q

Moderate global cerebral ischemia effect

A

Watershed infarction

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3
Q

12-24 hours after ischemia

A

Red neurons

Neutrophilic infiltration

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4
Q

24hrs-2 weeks after ischemia

A

Necrosis
Reactive gliosis (astrocyte hyperplasia)
Macrophages
Vascular proliferation

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5
Q

> 2 weeks after ischemia

A 
Gliosis (reparative)
Pseudolaminar necrosis (susceptible layers)
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6
Q

3 most vulnerable neurons

A 
Hippocampal pyramidal (CA1)
Neocortical pyramidal (layers 3,5,6)
Purkinje cells
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7
Q

Korsakoff’s amnesia

A

Bilateral hippocampal damage

Anterograde amnesia

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8
Q

Hemorrhagic emboli of white matter

A

Bone marrow emboli post trauma

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9
Q

Embolisms cause

A

Hemorrhagic infarctions (reperfusion after plaque dissolution)

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10
Q

Thrombosis causes

A

Nonhemorrhagic infarcts

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11
Q

Hyaline arteriolar sclerosis

A

HTN leads to intracerebral hemorrhage

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12
Q

Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms

A

Lenticulostriate HTN microvascular hemorrhage (<1mm)

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13
Q

Slit hemorrhage

A

Small HTN hemorrhage, leaves slit when reabsorbed

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14
Q

Lacunar infarct

A

Occlusion of deep brain arteries (0.2-15mm)

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15
Q

Acute hypertensive encephalopathy

A

Increased ICP due to DBP>130

Fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall

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16
Q

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

A
  • Amyloid deposits destroy vessels
  • Large hemorrhages with lobar distribution (not in thalamus/BG)
  • Dementia via microinfarcts and diffuse leukoencephalopathy
17
Q

Saccular/Berry aneurysms

A
  • Congenitive absence of tunica media and elastic lamina and CoW bifurcations
  • Worst headache of my life
18
Q

Berry aneurysm associations

A

Ehlers-Danlos
Marfans
Polycystic kidney disease
Neurofibromatosis1

19
Q

Multiple Arteriovenous malformations

A

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

20
Q

1 cause of adult meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae

21
Q

Teen causes of meningitis

A

Nisseria meningitidis

Coxsakievirus

22
Q

Brain abscess lab values

A

WBC high
Protein high
Glucose normal

23
Q

Bacterial meningitis lab values

A

WBC high
Protein high
Glucose low

24
Q

Rabies

A

Violent convulsions and CNS excitability

Negri bodies

25
Q

Herpes encephalitis

A

HSV-1 - frontal & temporal lobes

Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions

26
Q

Herpes inclusions

A

Cowdry type A bodies

27
Q

CMV encephalitis

A

Neonates & immunosuppressed

Microcephaly with periventricular calcification

28
Q

HIV

A

Aseptic meningitis

Increased risk of CNS lymphoma

29
Q

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy mechanism

A

PrPc -> PrPSc or PrPTSE

30
Q

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

A

Can be sporadic or familial
Vacuoles within neuropil
No inflammatory infiltrate

31
Q

Kuru

A

Prion disease from eating brains

32
Q

GSS

A

Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome
Autosomal dominant prion disease
Progressive ataxia and dementia

33
Q

Fatal Familial Insomnia

A

Autosomal dominant prion sleep disorder

Thalamus lesions

Test 7 (26 decks)

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