Path 1 CNS

Question 1

Astrocytes: 2 roles

Answer 1

Guide neurons during migration from ventricles to cortex Form BBB with foot processes around endothelial cells

Question 2

Oligodendrocytes: Function

Answer 2

Myelin production Lost during Multiple Sclerosis

Question 3

Ependymal cells

Answer 3

Line ventricles, form Choroid Plexus

Question 4

Neuropil

Answer 4

Gray matter matrix made up of various cell processes

Question 5

Acute CNS injury (Stroke)

Answer 5

Red neurons (cytoplasmic eosinophilia) -cell death -loss of Nissl substance -nuclear pyknosis

Question 6

Subacute CNS injury (Degeneration)

Answer 6

-Apoptosis -Reactive gliosis

Question 7

Axonal regeneration

Answer 7

Central Chromatolysis (Displacement of nucleus, nucleolar enlargement)

Question 8

Question 9

Gliosis

Answer 9

Hypertrophy & Hyperplasia of astrocytes

Question 10

Rosenthal Fibers

Answer 10

Bright eosinophilic astrocytic processes

Occurs in tumors or long standing gliosis

Question 11

Corpora Amylacea

Answer 11

Concentric lamellated structures in astorcyte processes

Occurs due to age degeneration

Question 12

Leukodystrophy cell loss

Answer 12

Oligodendrocytes

Question 13

2 Causes of generalized edema

Answer 13

Vasogenic (increased vascular permeability)

Cytotoxic (traumatic cell membrane damage)

Question 14

3 types of hydrocephalus

Answer 14

Noncommunication (focal)

Communicating (global)

Ex vacuo (loss of brain parenchyma)

Question 15

Subfalcine herniation

Answer 15

Cingulate gyrus herniation below falx cerebri

Compression of anterior cerebral artery

Occurs due to one-sided mass

Question 16

Transtentorial (Uncal) herniation

Answer 16

Temporal lobe herniation again tentorium

CN III compression (blown pupil)

PCA compression (homonymous hemianopsia)

Duret hemorrhages (Basilar artery tear, pons & midbrain death)

Question 17

Tonsillar Herniation

Answer 17

Cerebellar tonsils herniate through foramen magnum

Medulla compression (cardirespiratory arrest)

Lumbar puncture contraindication