Path 2 CNS Flashcards
Diencephalon
Thalamus & Hypothalamus
Telencephalon
Cerebrum & Basal Ganglia
Mesencephalon
Tectum & Tegmentum
Metencephalon
Cerebellum
Myelencephalon
Medulla
Neural tube defect cause
Low folate
Encephalocele
Protrusion of brain/meninges through openings in skull
Spina Bifida: 3 types
Occulta - Vertebral defect
Meningocele - Meninges
Meningomyelocele - Meninges + Spinal cord
Anencephaly
Lack of brain & skull
Micro/megalocephaly causes
Abnormal cell proliferation/apoptosis
Periventricular heterotopia
Complete absence of neuronal migration from ventricles
Lissencephaly
Partial migration
No normal cortical layers
Polymicrogyria
Late stage migration disrupted
Cobblestone gyri
Holoprosencephaly
Absence of forebrain division
Can lead to cyclopia
Dandy-Walker malformation
Cerebellar vermis malformation
Massively dilated posterior fossa (4th ventricle)
Absent cerebellum, hydrocephalus
Arnold-Chiari malformation
Cerebellar tonsils block foramen magnum, cause hydrocephalus, unnoticed until adult life
Hydromyelia
Dilatation of spinal canal due to CSF
Syringomyelia
Fluid filled cavity (syrinx) within spinal cord, leads to cystic degeneration
Syringomyelia presentation
Pain & temperature sensory loss (spinothalamic tract, anterior white commissure)
Dorsal column spared
Greenstick fracture
Bone is not completely separated
Comminuted fracture
Broken in three or more pieces
Basal skull fracture signs
Raccoon eyes
Battle’s sign
CSF otorrhea or rhinorrhea
Dementia pugilistica
Due to repetitive concussions
Plaque jaune
Brownish old injury (contusion)
Can become epileptic foci
