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Animal Disease > Parvoviral Enteritis > Flashcards

Parvoviral Enteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What viral agents causes parvo?

A

Canine Parvovirus 2 (CPV2)

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2
Q

Explain why CPV2 is hard to destroy

A

b/c it doesn’t have an envelope

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3
Q

How is parvo shed?

A

in feces

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4
Q

How is parvo transmitted

A

fecal-oral/nasal route

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5
Q

6 breeds at a higher risk for parvo

A 
Rottweiler
Doberman pinscher
Labrador retriever
American Staffordshire Terrier
German shepherd
Artic breeds (Siberian husky, Alaskan malamute, Norwegian elkhound)
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6
Q

How does parvo act on the villi of the intestine?

A
  • Virus infects the intestinal crypts of the epithelial cells where new enterocytes are made.
  • This interferes with normal epithelial cell growth and development because the new enterocytes will not be efficiently or effectively made.
  • Villi will be shortened
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7
Q

How does shortened villi lead to clinical signs?

A

Shorter villi are unable to maintain their absorptive capabilities which compromises absorptive function of the SI.

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8
Q

What does parvo do to WBCs?

A

destroys precursors of lymphocytes and lymphoid cells

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9
Q

Describe the changes that may occur in the CBC as a result of lymphocyte and lymphoid cell destruction.

A
  • Circulating lymphopenia and neutropenia

- Significant leukopenia

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10
Q

4 Complicating disorders that may occur with parvo

A
  1. Sepsis
  2. Aspriation Pneumonia
  3. Intussusception
  4. Supportive Polyarthritis
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11
Q

What leads to sepsis in parvo patients?

A
  • Destruction of intestinal mucosal integrity may allow for trasmigration of normal intestinal bacteria into systemic circulation
  • The patient is often leukopenic, meaning they won’t have the defenses to control bacterial spread
  • Result = severe systemic bacterial infection (sepsis)
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12
Q

What leads to aspiration pneumonia in parvo patients?

A
  • Severe depression may result in a swallow reflex that is NOT in tact
  • No swallow reflex means the very acidic GI content can be aspirated into the lungs
  • Acidic contents in lungs causes severe inflammation of lung tissue (chemical pneumonia)
  • Bacterial pneumonia is also possible if bacteria is in aspirated contents
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13
Q

What leads to intussusception in parvo patients?

A
  • Increased intestinal motility in the intestines due to viral damage of the intestines
  • Increased motility may result in SI telescoping in on itself
  • Creates a section of intestinal tissue that is no longer effective
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14
Q

What leads to suppurative polyarthritis in parvo patients, and when does it often occur?

A
  • Occurs several days to weeks post recovery from initial infection
  • Viral and bacterial particles lodge themselves into small hairpin capillaries located in the joints
  • This results in inflammation accompanied with bacterial infection of the joints
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15
Q

Nursing Intervention: GI Rest

  • describe
  • pathology it reverses
A
  • Designed to allow intestinal tract to rest and begin healing process by growing new epithelial cells
  • NPO until no V for 24hrs
  • Followed by reintroduction of water, then very small amounts of highly palatable food until daily requirement is being fed over 2-3 feedings
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16
Q

Nursing Intervention: Fluid therapy

  • description
  • pathology it reverses
A
  • IVF

- correct dehydration as well as replacing ongoing losses

17
Q

Nursing Intervention: Antiemetic therapy

  • description
  • pathology it’s trying to reverse
A
  • Designed to stop vomiting and control nausea

- Doesn’t always work b/c nausea may be intractable

18
Q

Nursing Intervention: Pain Control

  • description
  • pathology to reverse
A
  • Decreasing pain associated with increased intestinal motility and gas distention of the intestinal loops
  • May not work because most pain meds are for orthopedic pain and don’t work great on soft tissue
19
Q

Nursing Intervention: Antibiotic therapy

  • description
  • pathology to reverse
A
  • Leukopenia likely means P won’t be able to mount a response to transmigrating bacteria
  • Hemorrhagic diarrhea likely means intestinal mucosal integrity is breached, making bacterial transmigration more likely
  • Antibiotics given as preventive measure to prevent normal GI bacteria from entering into systemic circulation
20
Q

Describe an approach to environmental management to minimize spread of parvo

A
  • avoid areas where large numbers of dogs congregated if not fully vaccinated
  • isolate animal for up to a week following release from clinic
  • feces should be picked up immediately and disposed of in a proper manner
  • co-grooming should be minimized

Animal Disease (54 decks)

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