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Animal Disease > Colic > Flashcards

Colic Flashcards

1
Q

Define colic

A

a generic term describing clinical signs associated with presence of abdominal pain

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2
Q

2 main pathophysiological mechanisms that can lead to colic

A
  1. Interference with blood supply to one of the abdominal components
  2. Inflammation within or around those components
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3
Q

What can cause interference with blood supply to abdominal organs? (3)

A

obstruction
strangulation
infarction

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4
Q

3 things that can cause obstruction

A

impaction (food or parasite)
enteroliths
neoplasia

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5
Q

3 things that can cause strangulation?

A

torsion
volvulus
pedunculated neoplasia

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6
Q

2 things that can cause infarction

A

parasitic embolism

post-op complications

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7
Q

What can cause inflammation within or around the abdominal components? (3)

(this is basically a list of 3 types of inflammation)

A

enteritis
peritonitis
colitis

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8
Q

What is an addition pathophysiological mechanism that can cause abdominal pain?

A

excessive stretching of walls of hollow organs or surrounding mesentery can also activate pain receptors; this stretching can be independent of interference with blood supply and inflammation or as a result of one or both of those things

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9
Q

List the 5 disease categories resulting from abdominal pain

A
  1. Abnormal feed intake
  2. Intestinal parasites
  3. Foreign body ingestion
  4. Neoplasia
  5. Abdominal organ displacement
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10
Q

What 3 things are considered abnormal feed intake and what do they result in?

A
  1. Ingestion of too much of the wrong food can cause excess fermentation, excess gas accumulation, and stimulate inflammation which can lead to impaction
  2. Ingestion of wrong type of food that causes excess fermentation that can lead to impaction and inflammation
  3. Ingestion of undigestible food/FB resulting in impaction or obstruction
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11
Q

What 2 problems can be caused by intestinal parasites?

A
  1. impaction due to large number of parasites

2. infarction due to aberrant migration of parasites leading to a parasitic embolism

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12
Q

What 2 things can neoplasia cause?

A

obstruction

strangulation

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13
Q

What 3 things result in abdominal organ displacement?

A

strangulation
malpositioning of intestinal tract
volvulus/torsion

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14
Q

Name 3 disorders associated with the stomach

A
  1. Ulceration
  2. Obstruction
  3. Dilation
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15
Q

What things may result in increased acidity of the stomach?

A

Due to certain feeding behaviors

  • not enough roughages
  • lack of ingestion in general
  • ingestion of Timothy hay, grain, pelleted foods
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16
Q

What causes stomach ulceration?

A

increased acidity of the stomach because the continuously secreted HCl isn’t being kept in check

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17
Q

What can cause stomach obsturction?

A

impaction (food or parasite)
neoplasia
FB

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18
Q

When is a patient at higher risk for stomach obstruction?

A

decreased water intake
dental Dz
decreased stomach motility
fed beet pulp, bran, straw, wheat, barley

19
Q

What causes gastric dilation?

A

ulcers
obstruction
ruptured stomach that leads to peritonitis

20
Q

What are disorders associated with the small intestine and their causes if applicable (5)

A 
ulcers (acidic stomach pH)
infection (bacterial)
obstruction (impaction, adhesions)
strangulation (neoplasia, volvulus)
idiopathic
21
Q

2 Cecum Dz that may cause abdominal pain

A

Cecal Tympany- due to gas distention from increased fermentation

Impaction (food or parasite)

22
Q

2 Large colon Dz that may cause abdominal pain

A

obstruction (sand impaction, enterolith formation, organ displacement)

strangulation

23
Q

Although rare, what is the possible small colon disorder that can lead to colic

A

food impaction

24
Q

What can occur to the rectum that may result in colic

A

rectal tear

25
Q

Clinical Signs of colic

A 
pacing
sweating
pawing
rolling
kicking at abdomen
looking at flank
crouching
stretching 
repeated standing and laying down
26
Q

What are 2 important questions to consider with colic?

A
  1. Where is the problem located?

2. Is it surgical or medical?

27
Q

What information is often gathered for a colic PE if not severe presentation?

A 
attitude of horse
TPR
rectal exam
monitoring for improvement vs progression
alteration of intestinal sounds
28
Q

What clinicals signs are seen on a PE for colic if severe presentation?

A 
profound depression
persistent tachycardia
pyrexia
hypothermia
\+/- tachypnea
29
Q

If nasogastric reflux is present, where is the problem likely located?

A

stomach or SI

30
Q

If distended abdomen in an adult is present, where is the problem likely located?

A

cecum or large colon

31
Q

If distended abdomen in an foal is present, where is the problem likely located?

A

cecum, large colon, or SI

32
Q

What additional diagnostics may be done for colic patients?

A

CBC/Serum Chem Panel
-assesses for presence of inflammation and status of organs

Abdominocentesis
-if fluid present, analyze it to determine necessity of surgical intervention and prognosis for patient

33
Q

Define endotoxemia

A

an extremely severe, life-threatening condition characterized by toxins circulating through the bloodstream

34
Q

How does endotoxemia develop?

A
  • via Dz that affects integrity of intestinal mucosa thus allowing bacteria and their toxins into systemic circulation (obstruction, strangulation, infarction)
  • result of reperfusion injury that happens following correction of any disorder that interrupts blood supply to intestines
35
Q

Clinical signs of endotoxemia

A 
severe systemic inflammation rxn
extreme weakness/depression
pyrexia
inflammatory leukogram
circulatory shock
ileus and laminitis
36
Q

List 5 nursing strategies for colic

A
  1. pain control
  2. walking
  3. nasogastric tube passage
  4. IVF
  5. anti-inflammatories or antibiotics
37
Q

Why is pain control important in colic?

A

improves patient comfort

often makes P easier to handle

38
Q

What to pay attention to after giving analgesia

A

if there is a response or not

39
Q

Why does walking help some colic cases?

A

alleviates some pain because it stimulates intestinal motiltiy

40
Q

Why is a nasogastric tube passed? What does it do? What befits does it have?

A
  • helps reveal presence and severity of gastric reflux while also decompressing any gas buildup in stomach
  • can also give mineral oil to alleviate impaction
41
Q

Why are IVF given? When should fluid not be given via nasogastric tube?

A

-affected segments of intestine often sequester large amounts of fluid within their lumen and contribute to dehydration; do not give via nasogastric tube if nasogastric reflux is present

42
Q

When are anti-inflammatoires/antibiotics given?

A

if enteritis or peritonitis is present

43
Q

What things should be reassessed throughout treatment

A
  • status before re-administering any therapeutics
  • TPR
  • presence/worsening/improvement of any clinical signs, especially nasogastric reflux and abdominal distention

Animal Disease (54 decks)

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