Overview- Endocrine Dz

Question 1

endocrine

Answer 1

glands or specialized cells that release hormones

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

chemicals that influence the function of cells at another location in the body

Question 3

Positive Feedback

Answer 3

occurs when a circulating concentration of a specific hormone will increase the production of that hormone

Question 4

Negative Feedback

Answer 4

occurs when a certain circulating concentration of a specific hormone decrease the production of that same hormone; more common than positive feedback

Question 5

Up-Regulation

Answer 5

increases the number of receptors on the target tissue and therefore the amount of hormone that can be bound; increases the effect of the hormone on the tissue

Question 6

Down-Regulation

Answer 6

decreases the number of receptors and therefore the amount of hormone that can be bound by the tissue; decreases the effect of the hormone on the tissue

Question 7

General purpose of endocrine system

Answer 7

regulation of body functions to maintain homeostsis

Question 8

How does the endocrine system utilize hormone to interact with the body?

Answer 8

• endocrine glands release hormones into systemic circulation
• these hormones travel through the body to target tissues where they exact their actions

Question 9

What are some of the daily body functions the endocrine system helps maintain?

Answer 9

metabolism
growth & development
water & electrolyte balance
reproductive activity
behavior

Question 10

List 3 types of hormones used by the endocrine system

Answer 10

Proteins & polypeptides
Steroid
Derived from AA Tyrosine

Question 11

Protein & Polypeptide hormones

• where/how they’re released
• solubility
• examples

Answer 11

• released into interstitial fluid or systemic circulation via exocytosis
• water soluble, so easily carried into circulation
• Ex. insulin, glucagon

Question 12

Steroid hormones

• produced from
• created when
• solubility
• Example

Answer 12

• produced from cholesterol molecules
• created when needed; not stored in endocrine cells
• lipid soluble, so can diffuse readily across cell membranes but must be attached to a carrier protein to be carried in bloodstream
• Ex. Cortisol

Question 13

Hormones derived from AA Tyrosine

Answer 13

• protein bound when circulating in bloodstream

- Thyroxine (T4), T3, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 14

Target tissue

Answer 14

the tissue an individual hormone exerts its action on; must contain a receptor specific for that hormone

Question 15

How does the hormone interact with the target tissue?

Answer 15

binds with receptor –> binding initiates a cascade of events –> result is the final action

Question 16

How is the amount of hormone produced controled?

Answer 16

via feedback loops

Question 17

How is the effect of the hormone upon the the target tissue(s) controlled?

Answer 17

via up or down regulation of the receptors on the target tissue

Question 18

Important Hx questions for endocrine Dz

Answer 18

• family Hx
• how long P has been in current home
• Hx of medical conditions/reocurring infection
• Environmental (indoor/outdoor, toys, other pets in home/their health)
• GI (V/D, appetite, tolerant of food changes, sensitive stomach, weight gain/loss)
• Genitourinary (urination amount and frequency, how much P drinking, accidents)
• Neuro (behavior changes, daily routine changes, recognizing family, confused or lost, vision/hearing changes, anxiety level changes, attitude/activity lvl changes)