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Microbiology > Part of Quarter 4 Final Exam (Quarter 3 Diseases and Virulences) > Flashcards

Part of Quarter 4 Final Exam (Quarter 3 Diseases and Virulences) Flashcards

1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Skin Abscesses
  • Food Poisoning
  • Toxic Shock
  • Nosocomial Infections
  • Impetigo/School Sores: contagious red sores
  • Scalded Skin Syndrome
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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Enterotoxins
  • Enzymes
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
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3
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Strep Throat: Sore throat
  • Rheumatic Fever: Inflammatory disease that occurs when strep throat or scarlet fever are not resolved
  • Scarlet Fever: (Childbirth Fever) Red rash, strawberry tongue, desquamation of skin
  • Puerperal Sepsis: Nosocomial infection of the uterus from childbirth or abortion
  • Impetigo: Localized skin infection with small vesicles that turn into weeping lesions
  • Erysopelas/St. Anthony’s Fire: Localized skin infection that causes an intense burning sensation
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4
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Toxins
  • Enzymes
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
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5
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Bacterial Sepsis (STREP SEP)
  • Meningitis
  • Seizures
  • Psychomotor Retardation
  • Uterine Infections
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6
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Toxins
  • Enzymes
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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia/Pneumococcus Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Lobar pneumonia: Inflammation of one or several lung lobes
  • Otitis Media: Middle ear infection
  • Meningitis or pneumococcal meningitis: Infection of the cerebrospinal fluid
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8
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia/Pneumococcus Virulence
Pyogenic

A

Capsule: Resists phagocytosis

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9
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Gonorrhea: STD infection of the genitals
  • Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Congenital infection spread from the mother to the eyes of the baby during childbirth
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: (PID) Infection of the female reproductive organs
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10
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Pili/Fimbriae: help attach the cell to surfaces
  • Endotoxins
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11
Q

Neisseria meningitidis Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Epidemic Meningitis: (Meningococcal meningitis): Infection of the meninges
  • Meningococcemia: Bacteria spread to blood stream
  • Waterhouse-Fredichsen Syndrome: Spontaneous bleeding in the subcutaneous tissues causing appearance of purple patches on the skin
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12
Q

Neisseria meningitidis Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Pili/Fimbriae: help attach the cell to surfaces
  • Endotoxins
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
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13
Q

What do the Neisserias have in common?

A
  • Virulence is pili/fimbriae and endotoxins
  • Neisseria gonorrheae
  • Neisseria meningitidis (and capsule)
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14
Q

Salmonella typhi Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A

Typhoid Fever of the alimentary canal (GI Tract): Fever, diarrhea, nausea, severe headache, loss of appetite

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15
Q

Salmonella typhi Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
  • Flagella
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16
Q

Shigella dysenteriae Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery): Severe form of diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool
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17
Q

Shigella dysenteriae Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A

Toxins (Shigella toxin)

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18
Q

Echerichia coli Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the GI tract
  • Traveler’s Diarrhea
  • Infantile Diarrhea
  • Hemorrhagic Colitis/ Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
  • Bacillary Dysentery of the Alimentary canal
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Infections of the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra
  • Most significant opportunistic pathogen
  • Most common pathogen to cause UTI’s
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19
Q

Echerichia coli Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Toxins (will cause GI disturbances)
  • Pili/Fimbriae (aids in attachment)
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20
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Lobar Pneumonia
  • Hospital Acquired/ Nosocomial Pneumonia
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Urinary Tract Infections
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21
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

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22
Q

Proteus mirabilis Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Secondary infection from burn wounds; bacterial colonies smell like “burned chocolate”
  • Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the GI tract
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Can also cause UTS, ear and wound infections, especially in burn victims
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23
Q

Proteus mirabilis Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Pili (aids in attachment)
  • Flagella
  • enzyme urease (turns urea into ammonia which is too alkaline)
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24
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Burn Wound Infections
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Pneumonia
  • Ear Infections
  • Produces blue-green pus
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25
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Pili (aids in attachment)
  • Resists antibiotic treatment and disinfectants
  • Toxic Proteins
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26
Q

Bordatella pertussis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A
  • Whooping Cough/Pertussis: Convulsive, painful coughing

Stage 1: Incubation Stage: no outward symptoms
Stage 2: Catarrhal Stage: Common cold-like symptoms
Stage 3:Paroxysmal Stage: Spasmodic or convulsive coughing; ciliary escalator in lungs stop; peak of the disease
Stage 4: Convalescent Stage: Recovery

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27
Q

Bordetella pertussis Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
  • Toxins
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28
Q

Haemophilus influenzae Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A
  • Bacterial Influenzal Meningitis:
  • Hib Meningitis
  • Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis

Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

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29
Q

Haemophilus influenzae Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

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30
Q

Yersinia Pestis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A
  • Bubonic Plague/Black Death: Infection of the lymphatic system; Lesions called BUBOS form
  • Septicemic Plague: Infection in the blood stream
  • Pneumonic Plague

Both the septicemic and pneumonic plagues can be secondary infections from the bubonic plague or be spread on their own

31
Q

Yersinia Pestis Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

32
Q

Francisella tularensis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A
  • Tularemia/Rabbit Fever/Deerfly Fever
  • Skin Infection
  • GI Infection
  • Pneumonic Infection
33
Q

Francisella tularensis Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

A

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

34
Q

What do all small gram-negative bacilli have in common?

A

At least one virulence is a capsule
- Bordatella Pertussis (capsule and toxins)
- Haemophilus Influenzae (capsule)
- Yersinia Pestis (capsule)
- Francisella Tularensis (capsule)

35
Q

Bacillus anthracis Diseases
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Skin Anthrax/Skin Cutaneous Infection: Non-pus Lesions called escars leave a ring of small blisters that surround a dark center
  • Pulmonary Anthrax/ Wool-sorter’s Disease/Inhalation Anthrax
  • Typhoidal Anthrax/ Ingestion Anthrax
36
Q

Bacillus anthracis Virulence
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Endospore
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
  • Exotoxin
37
Q

Clostridium botulinum Diseases
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Food-borne Botulism: flaccid paralysis, cardiac & respiratory failure, nausea, double or blurred vision
  • Infant Botulism
  • Wound Botulism: wounds are infected with spores
38
Q

Clostridium botulinum Virulence
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Endospore
  • Neurotoxin (causes Flaccid Paralysis: weakness of muscles to non-movement)
39
Q

Clostridium perfringens Diseases
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Gas Gangrene/Myonecrosis: Bacteria gather in an injury or surgical wound that has no blood supply.
    The bacterial infection produces toxins that release gas and cause tissue death (antemortem)
  • Tissue Gas: Postmortem form of tissue gas; can spread through instruments
  • Food Poisoning
40
Q

Clostridium perfringens Virulence
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Endospore
  • Enzymes: Hyaluronidae allows bacteria into the body’s connective tissues
41
Q

Clostridium tetani Diseases
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Tetanus/Lockjaw: prevents muscle relaxation,rigid paralysis, asphyxiation (from muscle tensing)
42
Q

Clostridium tetani Virulence
Spore-Forming Bacilli

A
  • Endospore
  • Neurotoxin (causes Rigid Paralysis)
43
Q

Vibrio cholerae Diseases
Spiral Bacteria

A
  • Asiatic cholera
  • Rice Water Stool: whitish color to feces
44
Q

Vibrio cholerae Virulence
Spiral Bacteria

A
  • Cholera toxin
    (blocks water absorption, bicarbonates, chlorides, electrolytes etc from entering the intestinal lining (toxin causes the body to not absorb water/nutrients)
45
Q

Treponema pallidum Diseases
Spiral Bacteria

A

-Exclusively found in humans

  • Syphilis
    • Acquired Syphilis: Received through direct sexual contact
    • Congenital Syphilis: Infected pregnant woman passes infection to unborn child
    • 4 Stages of Syphilis
      1. Primary Syphilis: Chancre sore form (small hard ulcers)
      2. Secondary Syphillis: Skin rashes form on the hands and feet
      3. Latent/Hidden: Symptoms disappear
      4. Tertiary Syphilis: Gummas form (rubber-like lesions); other severe symptoms including dementia, madness, tumors occur. People usually do not get to this stage because of modern medicine
46
Q

Treponema pallidum Virulence
Spiral Bacteria

A
  • Teflon pathogen: named this because the body can not provide an effective defense against it
  • Crosses the placenta
  • Enzymes
47
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi Diseases
Spiral Bacteria

A

Lyme Disease/ Lyme Borreliosis: Creates a Bull’s eye rash

48
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi Virulence
Spiral Bacteria

A

Endoflagella/Axial Filamanets (allows the pathogen to rotate in a corkscrew motion)

49
Q

Leptospira interrogans Diseases
Spiral Bacteria

A
  • Leptospirosis/Infectious Jaundice: Biphasic (2-part)disease that starts with flu-like symptoms and later progresses into liver damage, and renal failure
  • Weil’s Disease: Advanced case of severe liver and kidney damage; secondary disease to leptospirosis
50
Q

Leptospira interrogans Virulence
Spiral Bacteria

A

High lipid content in bacterial cell wall

51
Q

Campylobacter jejuni Diseases
Spiral Bacteria

A
  • Campylobacteriosis/Campylobacter gastroenteritis
  • Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS): rare condition that causes temporary paralysis
52
Q

Campylobacter jejuni Virulence
Spiral Bacteria

A
  • Enterotoxin
  • Flagella
53
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia Diseases

A

Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Walking Pneumonia)

54
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia Virulence

A

No virulence factors

55
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii Diseases

A

Epidemic Typhus (Louse borne Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash

ePidemic=Prowazekii

56
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii Virulence

A

Obligate intracellular parasite: Not self-replicating; require a host cell to replicate

57
Q

Rickettsia typhi Diseases

A

Endemic Typhus (Flea borne Typhus, Murine Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash

(Less aggressive illness than Epidemic Typhus; self-resolving)

58
Q

Rickettsia typhi Virulence

A

Obligate intracellular parasite

59
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii Diseases

A
  • Rocky Mountain Fever (Tick borne Typhus, Murine Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash

RickRick=Tick

60
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii Virulence

A

Obligate intracellular parasite

61
Q

Coxiella burnetii Diseases

A
  • Q Fever: fever and skin rash

q for query=unknown

62
Q

Coxiella burnetii Virulence

A

Obligate intracellular parasite

63
Q

What do all Rickettsias have in common?

A

Virulence is obligate intracellular parasites
- Rickettsia prowskii
- Rickettsia typhi
- Rickettsia rickettsii
- Coxiella burnetti (Coxiella is a rickettsia)

64
Q

Cornyebacterium diphtherieae Diseases
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A
  • Diphtheria: inflammation of themucousmembranes, formation of a false membrane in the throat thathinders breathing and swallowing
  • Two Types: Pulmonary Diphtheria or Cutaneous Diphtheria
65
Q

Cornyebacterium diphtherieae Virulence
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

Potent Exotoxin: This toxin causes a pseudomembrane of white/gray thick coating on the throat

66
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diseases
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A
  • Tuberculosis: A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
  • Two Types
    1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis
    2. Miliary Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis leaves the lungs and travels to other organs when tubercles burst
67
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

High Lipid Content on Cell Wall/ Waxy Content on Cell Wall

68
Q

Mycobacterium avium Diseases
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

Opportunistic Form of Tuberculosis (especially among AIDs carriers)

69
Q

Mycobacterium avium Virulence
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

High Lipid Content on Cell Wall/ Waxy Content on Cell Wall

70
Q

Legionella pneumophilia Diseases
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A
  • Legionnaires’s Disease/Legionellosis (Pneumonia like disease)
  • Pontiac Fever (Milder form of Legionellosis)
71
Q

Legionella pneumophilia Virulence
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

Unique Lipids in the bacterial cell wall

72
Q

Listeria monocytogenes Diseases
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

Listeriosis/Listeria

73
Q

Listeria monocytogenes Virulence
Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria

A

Unique lipids in bacterial cell wall

74
Q

What do (almost) all the Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria have in common?

A

Their virulence has something to do with lipids in the bacterial cell wall (except corynebacterium diptheriae- toxin)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Legionella pneumophilia
- Listeria monocyogenes

Microbiology (22 decks)

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