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Microbiology > Part of Quarter 4 Final Exam (Quarter 3 Diseases and Virulences) > Flashcards

Part of Quarter 4 Final Exam (Quarter 3 Diseases and Virulences) Flashcards

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1
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Skin Abscesses
  • Food Poisoning
  • Toxic Shock
  • Nosocomial Infections
  • Impetigo/School Sores: contagious red sores
  • Scalded Skin Syndrome
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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Enterotoxins
  • Enzymes
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
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3
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Strep Throat: Sore throat
  • Rheumatic Fever: Inflammatory disease that occurs when strep throat or scarlet fever are not resolved
  • Scarlet Fever: (Childbirth Fever) Red rash, strawberry tongue, desquamation of skin
  • Puerperal Sepsis: Nosocomial infection of the uterus from childbirth or abortion
  • Impetigo: Localized skin infection with small vesicles that turn into weeping lesions
  • Erysopelas/St. Anthony’s Fire: Localized skin infection that causes an intense burning sensation
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4
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Toxins
  • Enzymes
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
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5
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Bacterial Sepsis (STREP SEP)
  • Meningitis
  • Seizures
  • Psychomotor Retardation
  • Uterine Infections
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6
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Toxins
  • Enzymes
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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia/Pneumococcus Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Lobar pneumonia: Inflammation of one or several lung lobes
  • Otitis Media: Middle ear infection
  • Meningitis or pneumococcal meningitis: Infection of the cerebrospinal fluid
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8
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia/Pneumococcus Virulence
Pyogenic

A

Capsule: Resists phagocytosis

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9
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Gonorrhea: STD infection of the genitals
  • Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Congenital infection spread from the mother to the eyes of the baby during childbirth
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: (PID) Infection of the female reproductive organs
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10
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Pili/Fimbriae: help attach the cell to surfaces
  • Endotoxins
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11
Q

Neisseria meningitidis Diseases
Pyogenic

A
  • Epidemic Meningitis: (Meningococcal meningitis): Infection of the meninges
  • Meningococcemia: Bacteria spread to blood stream
  • Waterhouse-Fredichsen Syndrome: Spontaneous bleeding in the subcutaneous tissues causing appearance of purple patches on the skin
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12
Q

Neisseria meningitidis Virulence
Pyogenic

A
  • Pili/Fimbriae: help attach the cell to surfaces
  • Endotoxins
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
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13
Q

What do the Neisserias have in common?

A
  • Virulence is pili/fimbriae and endotoxins
  • Neisseria gonorrheae
  • Neisseria meningitidis (and capsule)
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14
Q

Salmonella typhi Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A

Typhoid Fever of the alimentary canal (GI Tract): Fever, diarrhea, nausea, severe headache, loss of appetite

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15
Q

Salmonella typhi Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
  • Flagella
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16
Q

Shigella dysenteriae Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery): Severe form of diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool
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17
Q

Shigella dysenteriae Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A

Toxins (Shigella toxin)

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18
Q

Echerichia coli Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the GI tract
  • Traveler’s Diarrhea
  • Infantile Diarrhea
  • Hemorrhagic Colitis/ Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
  • Bacillary Dysentery of the Alimentary canal
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Infections of the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra
  • Most significant opportunistic pathogen
  • Most common pathogen to cause UTI’s
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19
Q

Echerichia coli Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Toxins (will cause GI disturbances)
  • Pili/Fimbriae (aids in attachment)
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20
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Lobar Pneumonia
  • Hospital Acquired/ Nosocomial Pneumonia
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Urinary Tract Infections
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21
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

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22
Q

Proteus mirabilis Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Secondary infection from burn wounds; bacterial colonies smell like “burned chocolate”
  • Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the GI tract
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Can also cause UTS, ear and wound infections, especially in burn victims
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23
Q

Proteus mirabilis Virulence
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Pili (aids in attachment)
  • Flagella
  • enzyme urease (turns urea into ammonia which is too alkaline)
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24
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Diseases
Enteric Bacilli

A
  • Burn Wound Infections
  • Urinary Tract Infections
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Pneumonia
  • Ear Infections
  • Produces blue-green pus
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25
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Enteric Bacilli
- Pili (aids in attachment) - Resists antibiotic treatment and disinfectants - Toxic Proteins
26
Bordatella pertussis Diseases Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
- **Whooping Cough/Pertussis**: Convulsive, painful coughing Stage 1: Incubation Stage: no outward symptoms Stage 2: Catarrhal Stage: Common cold-like symptoms Stage 3:Paroxysmal Stage: Spasmodic or convulsive coughing; ciliary escalator in lungs stop; peak of the disease Stage 4: Convalescent Stage: Recovery
27
Bordetella pertussis Virulence Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
- Capsule (resists phagocytosis) - Toxins
28
Haemophilus influenzae Diseases Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
- **Bacterial Influenzal Meningitis**: - **Hib Meningitis** - **Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis** Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
29
Haemophilus influenzae Virulence Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
30
Yersinia Pestis Diseases Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
- **Bubonic Plague/Black Death**: Infection of the lymphatic system; Lesions called **BUBOS** form - **Septicemic Plague**: Infection in the blood stream - **Pneumonic Plague** Both the septicemic and pneumonic plagues can be secondary infections from the bubonic plague or be spread on their own
31
Yersinia Pestis Virulence Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
32
Francisella tularensis Diseases Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
- **Tularemia/Rabbit Fever/Deerfly Fever** - Skin Infection - GI Infection - Pneumonic Infection
33
Francisella tularensis Virulence Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
34
What do all small gram-negative bacilli have in common?
At least one virulence is a capsule - Bordatella Pertussis (capsule and toxins) - Haemophilus Influenzae (capsule) - Yersinia Pestis (capsule) - Francisella Tularensis (capsule)
35
Bacillus anthracis Diseases Spore-Forming Bacilli
- **Skin Anthrax/Skin Cutaneous Infection**: Non-pus Lesions called **escars** leave a ring of small blisters that surround a dark center - **Pulmonary Anthrax/ Wool-sorter’s Disease/Inhalation Anthrax** - **Typhoidal Anthrax/ Ingestion Anthrax**
36
Bacillus anthracis Virulence Spore-Forming Bacilli
- Endospore - Capsule (resists phagocytosis) - Exotoxin
37
Clostridium botulinum Diseases Spore-Forming Bacilli
- **Food-borne Botulism**: **flaccid paralysis**, cardiac & respiratory failure, nausea, double or blurred vision - **Infant Botulism** - **Wound Botulism**: wounds are infected with spores
38
Clostridium botulinum Virulence Spore-Forming Bacilli
- Endospore - **Neurotoxin** (**causes Flaccid Paralysis**: weakness of muscles to non-movement)
39
Clostridium perfringens Diseases Spore-Forming Bacilli
- **Gas Gangrene/Myonecrosis**: Bacteria gather in an injury or surgical wound that has no blood supply.  The bacterial infection produces toxins that release gas and cause tissue death (antemortem) - **Tissue Gas**: Postmortem form of tissue gas; can spread through instruments - **Food Poisoning**
40
Clostridium perfringens Virulence Spore-Forming Bacilli
- Endospore - Enzymes: Hyaluronidae allows bacteria into the body’s connective tissues
41
Clostridium tetani Diseases Spore-Forming Bacilli
- **Tetanus/Lockjaw**: prevents muscle relaxation,**rigid paralysis**, asphyxiation (from muscle tensing)
42
Clostridium tetani Virulence Spore-Forming Bacilli
- Endospore - Neurotoxin (causes Rigid Paralysis)
43
Vibrio cholerae Diseases Spiral Bacteria
- **Asiatic cholera** - **Rice Water Stool**: whitish color to feces
44
Vibrio cholerae Virulence Spiral Bacteria
- Cholera toxin (blocks water absorption, bicarbonates, chlorides, electrolytes etc from entering the intestinal lining (toxin causes the body to not absorb water/nutrients)
45
Treponema pallidum Diseases Spiral Bacteria
-Exclusively found in humans - **Syphilis** - Acquired Syphilis: Received through direct sexual contact - Congenital Syphilis: Infected pregnant woman passes infection to unborn child - 4 Stages of Syphilis 1. Primary Syphilis: **Chancre sore** form (small hard ulcers) 2. Secondary Syphillis: **Skin rashes** form on the hands and feet 3. Latent/Hidden: Symptoms disappear 4. Tertiary Syphilis: **Gummas** form (rubber-like lesions); other severe symptoms including dementia, madness, tumors occur. People usually do not get to this stage because of modern medicine
46
Treponema pallidum Virulence Spiral Bacteria
- **Teflon pathogen:** named this because the body can not provide an effective defense against it - Crosses the placenta - Enzymes
47
Borrelia burgdorferi Diseases Spiral Bacteria
**Lyme Disease/ Lyme Borreliosis**: Creates a **Bull’s eye rash**
48
Borrelia burgdorferi Virulence Spiral Bacteria
Endoflagella/Axial Filamanets (allows the pathogen to rotate in a corkscrew motion)
49
Leptospira interrogans Diseases Spiral Bacteria
- **Leptospirosis/Infectious Jaundice**: Biphasic (2-part)disease that starts with flu-like symptoms and later progresses into liver damage, and renal failure - **Weil’s Disease**: Advanced case of severe liver and kidney damage; secondary disease to leptospirosis
50
Leptospira interrogans Virulence Spiral Bacteria
High lipid content in bacterial cell wall
51
Campylobacter jejuni Diseases Spiral Bacteria
- **Campylobacteriosis/Campylobacter gastroenteritis** - **Guillian-Barre Syndrome (GBS)**: rare condition that causes temporary paralysis
52
Campylobacter jejuni Virulence Spiral Bacteria
- Enterotoxin - Flagella
53
Mycoplasma pneumonia Diseases
**Primary Atypical Pneumonia (Walking Pneumonia)**
54
Mycoplasma pneumonia Virulence
No virulence factors
55
Rickettsia prowazekii Diseases
**Epidemic Typhus** (Louse borne Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash e**P**idemic=**P**rowazekii
56
Rickettsia prowazekii Virulence
**Obligate intracellular parasite**: Not self-replicating; require a host cell to replicate
57
Rickettsia typhi Diseases
**Endemic Typhus** (**Flea borne Typhus**, Murine Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash (Less aggressive illness than Epidemic Typhus; self-resolving)
58
Rickettsia typhi Virulence
Obligate intracellular parasite
59
Rickettsia rickettsii Diseases
- **Rocky Mountain Fever** (Tick borne Typhus, Murine Typhus): Fever and Skin Rash RickRick=Tick
60
Rickettsia rickettsii Virulence
Obligate intracellular parasite
61
Coxiella burnetii Diseases
- **Q Fever**: fever and skin rash q for query=unknown
62
Coxiella burnetii Virulence
Obligate intracellular parasite
63
What do all Rickettsias have in common?
Virulence is obligate intracellular parasites - Rickettsia prowskii - Rickettsia typhi - Rickettsia rickettsii - Coxiella burnetti (Coxiella is a rickettsia)
64
Cornyebacterium diphtherieae Diseases Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
- Diphtheria: inflammation of the mucous membranes, formation of a false membrane in the throat that hinders breathing and swallowing - Two Types: **Pulmonary Diphtheria or Cutaneous Diphtheria**
65
Cornyebacterium diphtherieae Virulence Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
**Potent Exotoxin**: This toxin causes a **pseudomembrane of white/gray thick coating on the throat**
66
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Diseases Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
- Tuberculosis: A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs. - Two Types 1. Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2. Miliary Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis leaves the lungs and travels to other organs when tubercles burst
67
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
High Lipid Content on Cell Wall/ Waxy Content on Cell Wall
68
Mycobacterium avium Diseases Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
Opportunistic Form of Tuberculosis (especially among AIDs carriers)
69
Mycobacterium avium Virulence Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
High Lipid Content on Cell Wall/ Waxy Content on Cell Wall
70
Legionella pneumophilia Diseases Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
- Legionnaires’s Disease/Legionellosis (Pneumonia like disease) - Pontiac Fever (Milder form of Legionellosis)
71
Legionella pneumophilia Virulence Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
Unique Lipids in the bacterial cell wall
72
Listeria monocytogenes Diseases Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
Listeriosis/Listeria
73
Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria
Unique lipids in bacterial cell wall
74
What do (almost) all the Actinomycetes and Associated Bacteria have in common?
Their virulence has something to do with lipids in the bacterial cell wall (except corynebacterium diptheriae- toxin) - Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Legionella pneumophilia - Listeria monocyogenes

Microbiology (22 decks)

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