Chapter 21: Anatomy of Bacteria

Question 1

Binary Fission

Answer 1

A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which cells split into two parts, each of which develops into a complete individual

Question 2

Bacterial Colony

Answer 2

A visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium, presumably arising from a single microorginaism

Question 3

Coccus (plural: Cocci)

Answer 3

Spherical bacterial cells

Question 4

Diplococci

Answer 4

Spherical bacteria appearing in pairs

Question 5

Streptococci

Answer 5

Spherical bacteria arranged in a chain

Question 6

Staphylococci

Answer 6

Spherical bacteria shaped like a cluster of grapes

Question 7

Bacillus (plural: Bacilli)

Answer 7

Rod-shaped bacteria

Question 8

Diplobacili

Answer 8

Rod-shaped bacteria appearing in pairs

Question 9

Streptobacilli

Answer 9

Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in a chain

Question 10

Cell Membrane

Answer 10

Semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 11

Glycocalyx

Answer 11

Sticky, gelatinous coating that surrounds the cell wall of prokaryotic cells

Question 12

Capsule

Answer 12

A glycocalyx-like coating that is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall of prokaryotic cells

Question 13

Slime Layer

Answer 13

A glycocalyx coating that is unorganized and loosely attached to the cell wall

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

Long whip-like filament-containing appendages that propel the bacteria

Question 15

Montrichous

Answer 15

Bacterium with one flagellum

Question 16

Amphitruchous

Answer 16

Bacterium that has one flagellum on each end of the cell

Question 17

Lophotrichous

Answer 17

Bacterium that has two or more flagella on either end of the cell

Question 18

Peritrichous

Answer 18

Bacterium that has flagella distributed over the entire cell

Question 19

Fimbriae and Pili

Answer 19

Allow bacteria to attach to surfaces

Question 20

Endospore

Answer 20

Thick-walled cell produced by a bacterium to enable it to survive unfavorable environmental conditions (the cell forms a highly resistant form of itself)

Question 21

Sporulation

Answer 21

the process of forming an endospore

Question 22

Why are endospores dangerous to embalmers?

Answer 22

Endospores are resistant to disinfectants and can only be killed through sterilization. Because bodies are disinfected, not sterilized, disease from these endospores can be spread.

Question 23

Characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 23

• Thick cell walls that are composed of few lipids
• More permeable to basic dyes
• More complex nutritional requirements
• More resistant to treatment and exposure to enzymes

Gram-negative bacteria are the opposite

Question 24

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Answer 24

Bacteria that retain the dye stain

Question 25

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Answer 25

Bacteria that do not retain the dye stain

Question 26

Gram Staining

Answer 26

Widely used method of classifying bacteria into groups

Question 27

Morphology

Answer 27

The study of the size, shape , and arrangements of microorganisms