Microbiology 1 Quarter Final (COMPLETE) Flashcards
Microbiology
The study of microorganisms and their effects on other organisms
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms
Eukaryotic organisms have a nucleus. Prokaryotic organisms do not have a nucleus (nucleoid region instead)
Toxonomic Hierarchy
1) Domain 2) Kingdom 3) Phylum 4)Class 5) Order 6) Family 7) Genus 8) Species
3 Primary Domains
Bacteria, Archea, Eykarya
The Five Kingdoms
1) Monera - prokaryotes
2) Protista - eukaryotes
3) Fungi - eukaryotic, spore-producing
4) Plant - photosynthetic eukaryotes
5) Animal - complex multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
Microorganisms have two names and are named based on their characteristics. The first name is the Genus and the second name is its species
Bacteriology
Study of bacteria
Mycology
Study of fungi
Protozoology
Study of Protozoa
Rickettsiology
Study of Rickettsia
Immunology
Study of the immune system
Characteristics of Bacterial Cells
1) prokaryotic
2) Single Celled
3) Multiply with Binary Fission
Basic Characteristics of Mycoplasma Bacteria
1) No cell wall
2) Smallest free-living organism
Basic Characteristics of Rickettsia Bacteria
1) Gram-negative
2) Intracellular (Lives inside other cell wall)
3) Spread by lice, fleas, ticks, and mites
Basic Characteristics of Chlamydia Bacteria
1) Nonmotile
2) Intracellular
3) Gram-Negative
Basic Characteristics of Protozoa
1) Eukaryotes
2) Single Celled
3) Simplest form of animals
Basic Characteristics of Fungal Organisms
1) eukaryotic,
2) non-vascular,
3) non-motile
4) heterotrophic
Basic Characteristics of a Virus
1) Microscope needed to see it
2) DNA or RNA
3) Intracellular
Basic Characteristics of a Prion
1) Protein
2) Highly resistant
3) Infectous
4) Alters other cells’ nucleus acids
Father of Microbiology
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
(observed microorganisms in water and other substances; first to observe red blood cells)
Compound Light Microscope
- Type of microscope used to identify bacteria
- Has two or more lenses.
- Magnification is achieved when light rays from an illuminator(light source) pass through a condenser, which has lenses that direct the light rays through the specimen
Electron Microscope
Used to identify viruses (due to their submicroscopic size)
Gram Staining Technique Reactions
1) Gram-Positive: cell wall is thick; purple (or blue) when stained; killed by penicillin
2) Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink (or red) when stained; penicillin-resistant
Differential Staining Techniques
1) Gram Staining
2) Acid-Fast Staining
- Differential Stains react differently with different kinds of bacteria and thus can be used to distinguish different types of bacteria.