Enzymes and Types of Toxins Review

Question 1

Coagulase

Answer 1

Enzyme that causes blood to clot by converting fibrinogen into fibrin

Question 2

Hyaluronidase

Answer 2

Enzyme the penetrates the body’s connective tissues, permitting the easy spread of infection throughout the body

Question 3

Lipase

Answer 3

Enzyme that acts with the oils and fats secreted by the sebaceous glands

Question 4

Exotoxins

Answer 4

• Toxins produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding area
• Soluble in bodily fluids, so they can easily diffuse into the blood and are rapidly transported throughout the body
• Heat labile: sensitive to the effects of heat
• Primarily produced by gram positive bacteria

Question 5

Three types of Exotoxins

Answer 5

• Cytotoxins
• Neurotoxins
• Enterotoxins
• The body produces antibodies called antitoxins that provide immunity to exotoxins

Question 6

Cytotoxin

Answer 6

• A type of exotoxin
• kill host cells or affect their functions

Question 7

Neurotoxin

Answer 7

• A type of exotoxin
• interfere with normal nerve impulses

Question 8

Enterotoxin

Answer 8

• A type of exotoxin
• affect host cells lining the gastrointestinal tract

Question 9

Endotoxins

Answer 9

• Lipopolysaccharides
• Part of the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria and freed only during bacterial lysis (the toxin hides within the cell and is released when the bacteria ruptures)
• Heat resistant