Enteric Bacilli Flashcards
Enteric Bacteria
- Affects GI system
- Gram-negative
- Non-spore forming
- Facultatitivley anaerobic
- Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Salmonella typhi
Shigella dysenteriae
Echerichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella typhi Characteristics
Enteric Bacilli
- Rod Shaped (bacillus)
- Flagella (Motile)
- Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
- Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
- Obligate Parasite
- Found only in human feces
Salmonella typhi Diseases
Enteric Bacilli
Typhoid Fever of the alimentary canal (GI Tract): Fever, diarrhea, nausea, severe headache, loss of appetite
Salmonella typhi Virulence
Enteric Bacilli
- Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
- Flagella
Salmonella typhi Mode of Transmission
Enteric Bacilli
- Indirect: Ingestion (Fecal-Oral Route: Fecal matter is spread to food/water then ingested)
Salmonella typhi Portal of Entry and Exit
Enteric Bacilli
- GI Tract: Ingestion of contaminated food; exit through diarrhea
Shigella dysenteriae Characteristics
Enteric Bacilli
- Affects the alimentary canal (GI Tract)
- Rod Shaped (bacillus)
- Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
- Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
- Most virulent form of shigella
Shigella dysenteriae Diseases
Enteric Bacilli
- Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery): Severe form of diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool
Shigella dysenteriae Virulence
Enteric Bacilli
Toxins (Shigella toxin)
Shigella dysenteriae Entry and Exit
Enteric Bacilli
GI Tract
Shigella dysenteriae Modes of Transmission
Enteric Bacilli
Indirect: Ingestion
Echerichia coli Characteristics
Enteric Bacilli
- Found in the lower gut (GI Tract)
- Rod Shaped (bacillus)
- Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
- Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
- Found in normal flora
- Most significant opportunistic pathogen
- Most common pathogen to cause UTI’s
Echerichia coli Diseases
Enteric Bacilli
- Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the GI tract
- Traveler’s Diarrhea
- Infantile Diarrhea
- Hemorrhagic Colitis/ Hemorrhagic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Bacillary Dysentery of the Alimentary canal
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Infections of the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra
- Most significant opportunistic pathogen
- Most common pathogen to cause UTI’s
Echerichia coli Virulence
Enteric Bacilli
- Toxins (will cause GI disturbances)
- Pili/Fimbriae (aids in attachment)
Echerichia coli Portals of Entry and Exit
Enteric Bacilli
- GI Tract: Ingestion of contaminated food/water; exit through diarreha
- Urinary Tract: Most common pathogen to cause UTI’s
Echerichia coli Modes of Transmission
Enteric Bacilli
Indirect: Ingestion; Fecal/Oral Route (Contaminated fecal matter is transmitted to food/water, then eaten)
Klebsiella pneumoniae Characteristics
Enteric Bacilli
- Rod Shaped
- Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained’ penicillin-resistant
- Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
- Part of Normal Flora
- Known to cause UTS, wound infections and ear infections, especially among burn victims
Klebsiella pneumoniae Diseases
Enteric Bacilli
- Lobar Pneumonia
- Hospital Acquired/ Nosocomial Pneumonia
- Gastroenteritis
- Urinary Tract Infections
Klebsiella pneumoniae Virulence
Enteric Bacilli
Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
Klebsiella pneumoniae Portals of Entry and Exit
Enteric Bacilli
- Broken Skin: Through burn wounds
- Urinary Tract: Nosocomial pathways
- GI Tract: Opportunistic pathogen
Klebsiella pneumoniae Modes of Transmission
Enteric Bacilli
- Direct: Droplet transmission
- Direct: passed by hospital personnel
- Indirect: Fomites
- Part of normal flora and can move to the lungs
Proteus mirabilis Characteristics
Enteric Bacilli
- Rod Shaped (bacillus)
- Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
- Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
- Found in the alimentary canal (GI Tract)
Proteus mirabilis Diseases
Enteric Bacilli
- Secondary infection from burn wounds; bacterial colonies smell like “burned chocolate”
- Gastroenteritis: inflammation of the GI tract
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Can also cause UTS, ear and wound infections, especially in burn victims
Proteus mirabilis Virulence
Enteric Bacilli
- Pili (aids in attachment)
- Flagella and enzyme urease (turns urea into ammonia which is too alkaline)
Proteus mirabilis Portals of Entry and Exit
Enteric Bacilli
- Broken Skin: Through burn wounds
- GI Tract: Opportunistic
- Urinary Tract: Nosocomial pathways
Proteus mirabilis Modes of Transmission
Enteric Bacilli
- Opportunistic infection
- Nosocomial Infections
- Direct: Direct contact
- Indirect: Fomites
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Characteristics
Enteric Bacilli
- Produces blue-green pus
- Rod Shaped (bacillus)
- Considered either Anaerobe or Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
- Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
- Opportunistic pathogen
- Part of normal flora
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Diseases
Enteric Bacilli
- Burn Wound Infections
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Gastroenteritis
- Pneumonia
- Ear Infections
- Produces blue-green pus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence
Enteric Bacilli
- Pili (aids in attachment)
- Resists antibiotic tratment and disinfectants
- Toxic Proteins
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Portals of Entry and Exit
Enteric Bacilli
- Broken Skin: Through burn wounds
- GI Tract: Opportunistic (part of normal flora)
- Urinary Tract: Nosocomial pathways
- Respiratory Tract: Droplet transmission
- Ear: Droplet transmission
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Modes of Transmission
Enteric Bacilli
- Opportunistic infection
- Nosocomial Infections
- Direct: Direct contact
- Indirect: Fomites
