Chapter 22: Physiology of Bacteria

Question 1

Autotrophic

Answer 1

self-nourishing bacteria capable of growing in the absence of organic compounds (receive “food” from the carbon in carbon dioxide)

Question 2

Heterotrophic

Answer 2

bacteria that require complex organic food from a carbon source to grow and develop (are the cause of many diseases in humans)

Question 3

Categories of Heterotrophic Bacteria

Answer 3

1) Strict (Obligate) Saprophytes 2) Strict (Obligate) Parasites 3) Facultative Bacteria

Question 4

Strict (Obligate) Saprophytes

Answer 4

Organisms that only survive on dead or decaying organic matter

Question 5

Strict (Obligate) Parasites

Answer 5

Organisms that are completely dependent on their living host for the nutrients they need to survive

Question 6

Facultative Bacteria

Answer 6

Organisms that adapt to differing sources of nutrition and oxygen

Question 7

Mircoaerophillic

Answer 7

Mircoorganisms that require little free oxygen

Question 8

Aerotolerant

Answer 8

organisms that can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen, and they do not gan any benefit from its presence

Question 9

Why do most of bacterial diseases occur in the body’s tissues?

Answer 9

Bacteria that cause human disease require high levels of moisture to grow. There is more moisture inside the body than outside.

Question 10

Psychrophiles

Answer 10

Bacteria that require the cold

Question 11

Mesophiles

Answer 11

Bacteria that prefer moderate temperatures

Question 12

Thermophiles

Answer 12

Bacteria that grow best at high temperatures

Question 13

Why are variations in temperature preference of different bacteria important to the embalmer?

Answer 13

Changes in body temperature that occur before and after death influence the rate of decomposition of the human remains

Question 14

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 14

The pressure required to prevent the net flow of water across the semipermeable membrane

Question 15

Symbiosis

Answer 15

Two or more different species of organisms live together in close association

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

Two different species live in close association to the mutual benefit of each other

Question 17

Commensalism

Answer 17

One organism gains some benefit and the host is not harmed

Question 18

Parasitism

Answer 18

The host is harmed while the parasote recieves benefit

Question 19

Synergism

Answer 19

The harmonious action of two microorganisms produces an effect that neither could produce alone

Question 20

Antagonism

Answer 20

The inhibition of one microorganism’s growth by the presence of another; The mutual opposition or contrary action;