Part I: Lecture 23 Flashcards
differences between model organisms and humans
-humans have no pure breeding strains
-can’t perform controlled crosses on humans
-we can observe several generations of model organisms but only three human generations
-model organisms have lots of offspring but humans have few
pedigree charts indicate ____
phenotypes
pedigree charts: female
circle
pedigree charts: male
square
pedigree charts: unaffected
open (unfilled) symbol
pedigree charts: affected
filled symbol
pedigree charts: mating
horizontal line connecting
pedigree charts: roman numerals
generation number
pedigree charts: each generation is ____
one line
pedigree charts: arabic numerals
birth order from left/oldest to right/youngest
pedigree charts: Generation 2 and youngest out of 3
II-3
pedigree charts: deceased individual
circle/square slashed out
consanguinity (def.)
descended from the same ancestor; parents are related
pedigree charts: consanguinity
two lines between square and female (parents)
pedigree charts: non-identical twins
sibship line is diagonal
pedigree charts: identical twins
sibship line is diagonal and connected with horizontal line
a women is pregnant with non identical twins. most probable outcome?
a girl and a boy
prob = 1- 0.25 - 0.25 =0.5
pedigree charts used for _____
humans, cats, horses, other organisms
pedigree charts allow us to ____
predict inheritance pattern
pedigree charts used what type of disorders?
single-gene disorders
inheritance pattern is dependent on two things?
which chromosome involved? autosome or X-chromosome
mutation recessive or dominant?
5 main types of inheritance patterns
1) Autosomal recessive (AR)
2) Autosomal dominant (AD)
3) X-linked recessive (XR)
4) X-linked dominant (XD)
5) Mitochondrial (M)
