Part I: Lecture 23

Question 1

differences between model organisms and humans

Answer 1

-humans have no pure breeding strains
-can’t perform controlled crosses on humans
-we can observe several generations of model organisms but only three human generations
-model organisms have lots of offspring but humans have few

Question 2

pedigree charts indicate ____

Answer 2

phenotypes

Question 3

pedigree charts: female

Answer 3

circle

Question 4

pedigree charts: male

Answer 4

square

Question 5

pedigree charts: unaffected

Answer 5

open (unfilled) symbol

Question 6

pedigree charts: affected

Answer 6

filled symbol

Question 7

pedigree charts: mating

Answer 7

horizontal line connecting

Question 8

pedigree charts: roman numerals

Answer 8

generation number

Question 9

pedigree charts: each generation is ____

Answer 9

one line

Question 10

pedigree charts: arabic numerals

Answer 10

birth order from left/oldest to right/youngest

Question 11

pedigree charts: Generation 2 and youngest out of 3

Answer 11

II-3

Question 12

pedigree charts: deceased individual

Answer 12

circle/square slashed out

Question 13

consanguinity (def.)

Answer 13

descended from the same ancestor; parents are related

Question 14

pedigree charts: consanguinity

Answer 14

two lines between square and female (parents)

Question 15

pedigree charts: non-identical twins

Answer 15

sibship line is diagonal

Question 16

pedigree charts: identical twins

Answer 16

sibship line is diagonal and connected with horizontal line

Question 17

a women is pregnant with non identical twins. most probable outcome?

Answer 17

a girl and a boy
prob = 1- 0.25 - 0.25 =0.5

Question 18

pedigree charts used for _____

Answer 18

humans, cats, horses, other organisms

Question 19

pedigree charts allow us to ____

Answer 19

predict inheritance pattern

Question 20

pedigree charts used what type of disorders?

Answer 20

single-gene disorders

Question 21

inheritance pattern is dependent on two things?

Answer 21

which chromosome involved? autosome or X-chromosome
mutation recessive or dominant?

Question 22

5 main types of inheritance patterns

Answer 22

1) Autosomal recessive (AR)
2) Autosomal dominant (AD)
3) X-linked recessive (XR)
4) X-linked dominant (XD)
5) Mitochondrial (M)