Part C: Lecture 11

Question 1

Codon table shows ___ not DNA in which direction?

Answer 1

-mRNA
-5’ to 3’

Question 2

mutations can happen where in DNA?

Answer 2

anywhere

Question 3

terms like silent, nonsense, missense described effect on ___

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

silent mutation

Answer 4

mutation doesn’t affect protein code for a.a

Question 5

nonsense mutation

Answer 5

mutation creates premature stop codon

Question 6

missense mutation

Answer 6

mutation changes protein code into protein code for different a.a

Question 7

frameshift mutation

Answer 7

mutation when adding/ removing 1 or more nucleotide changes reading frame

Question 8

loss of a.a/ gain of a.a

Answer 8

deletion of 3 bp because 3 bp = 1 codon = 1 a.a

Question 9

mutation in promoters results in ___

Answer 9

no mRNA = no protein

Question 10

mutation in regulatory regions results in ___

Answer 10

two few or too many mRNA (wrong amount of mRNA made)

Question 11

mutation at splice site results in ___

Answer 11

-intron left in (or removed wrong) –> defective mRNA

Question 12

sickle cell mutation at gene HBB (B-globin)

Answer 12

-DNA: AT -> TA bp
-mRNA: GAA –> GUA at codon 6
-protein: GLU6VAL

Question 13

sickle cell: effect on hemoglobin form chains when ___

Answer 13

not carrying oxygen

Question 14

Parsimony:

Answer 14

the simplest explanation is the correct one

Question 15

which is more common? single bp sub or multiple bp sub?

Answer 15

single

Question 16

Forward mutations turn ___

Answer 16

wildtype allele into mutant allele

Question 17

Reverse mutations turn ___

Answer 17

mutant allele into wild-type allele

Question 18

what is rarest type of mutation?

Answer 18

exact reverse mutation

Question 19

exact reverse mutation

Answer 19

reverse mutation that results in wildtype allele with original codon

Question 20

equivalent reverse mutation

Answer 20

reverse mutation that results in wildtype allele with different codon