Part A: Lecture 5

Question 1

autosome (def.)

Answer 1

two copies in males and females

Question 2

sex chromosome (def.)

Answer 2

not two copies in males and females

Question 3

metacentric (def.)

Answer 3

centromere in middle of chromosome

Question 4

acrocentric (def.)

Answer 4

centromere towards one end of chromosome

Question 5

telocentric (def.)

Answer 5

centromere at one end of chromosome

Question 6

human autosomes named by ____

Answer 6

length

Question 7

longest autosome is ____

Answer 7

Chromosome 1

Question 8

smallest autosome is ____

Answer 8

Chromosome 22

Question 9

human chromosomes have centromeres: type of chromosome

Answer 9

metacentric/acrocentric

Question 10

Isolating chromosomes method

Answer 10

1. Isolate blood (WBC because RBC doesn’t have nucleus)
2. Add WBC growth factor (3 days)
3. Add Microtubule inhibitor (stays in mitosis/metaphase) (1 day)
4. Drop cells onto a slide
5. Add Giemsa stain
6. Take a photo and arrange chromosomes

Question 11

Metaphase spread (def.)

Answer 11

extraction of Giemsa stained chromosomes from cells

Question 12

Karyogram (def.)

Answer 12

photo of chromosomes and arranged into standard pattern

Question 13

karyotype (def.)

Answer 13

complete set of chromosomes of an individual described in a statement

Question 14

How to write karyotypes

Answer 14

-total # of chromosomes, sex chromosomes, abnormalities (unexpected)
-ex. 46,XY
-ex. 47,XY, +21 (male with down syndrome)

Question 15

chromosome arms (def.)

Answer 15

p arm (petite = small)
q arm (queue = tail)

Question 16

chromosome bands caused by ___ and standard bands forms a ____

Answer 16

-giemsa
-metaphase map

Question 17

every ______ is called a band

Answer 17

distinguishable region

Question 18

giemsa dark band

Answer 18

dark purple

Question 19

giemsa light band

Answer 19

light purple

Question 20

giemsa bands are not named in order because ___

Answer 20

better preparations show more bands

Question 21

regions are numbered from ____ to

Answer 21

-centromere
-each end

Question 22

regions contain ___ then ___ contain ____

Answer 22

-bands
-bands
-sub-bands

Question 23

naming locations on chromosomes

Answer 23

-chromosome
-p/q arm
-region #
-band #
-sub-band #

Question 24

chromosome number changes: autosomes

Answer 24

+ : extra
- : missing

Question 25

chromosome number changes: sex chromosomes

Answer 25

list them

Question 26

chromosome structure changes + term

Answer 26

-deletion (del)
-duplication (dup)
-inversion (inv)
-translocation (t)

Question 27

deletion (def.)

Answer 27

-loss of parts of chromosomes

Question 28

duplication (def.)

Answer 28

-duplicating parts of chromosomes

Question 29

inversion (def.)

Answer 29

-parts of chromosome reversed end-to-end

Question 30

translocation (def.)

Answer 30

-exchange of chromosome sections between two chromosomes