Part C: Lecture 10

Question 1

Induced mutations steps

Answer 1

1) Mutagen makes a lesion
2) DNA replication and/or DNA repair turns it into a mutation

Question 2

EMS (Ethyl methanesulphonate) sticks to ___

Answer 2

G (covalently attaches to G) and creates defective G*

Question 3

Damaged G by EMS resembles an ___

Answer 3

A

Question 4

EMS is used to deliberately cause ___

Answer 4

mutations

Question 5

GC –> (EMS) G*C –>

Answer 5

(DNA repl.) G*T –> AT

Question 6

DNA pol doesn’t recognize this G* and uses ___ to pair instead

Answer 6

A

Question 7

NHEJ system stands for ___

Answer 7

Non-homologous end-joining system

Question 8

Radiation: Gamma rays and X-rays ___

Answer 8

break DNA

Question 9

NHEJ system fixes ___

Answer 9

a break in DNA

Question 10

NHEJ system process

Answer 10

DNA break -> NHEJ protein stick broken end together –> DNA repair

Question 11

Telomeres shield _____ from NHEJ proteins so ___`

Answer 11

natural chromosome ends so telomeres end don’t stick together

Question 12

NHEJ system is there are two dsDNA breaks in the same nucleus

Answer 12

-incorrect repair
-chromosomal rearrangement

Question 13

Types of rearrangement:

Answer 13

-inversion (join pieces in new order)
-duplication (and deletion)
-deletion by itself
-translocation

Question 14

Generation of a duplication/deletion involves breaking ____-

Answer 14

two pieces of DNA

Question 15

Duplication occur when breaks are on ____

Answer 15

-homologous chromones and sister chromatids

Question 16

Generation of translocation occurs when ___

Answer 16

breaks are on different chromosomes (DNA isn’t lost just on different chromosomes)

Question 17

2 properties of mutagens:

Answer 17

1) mutagens cause specific mutations (ex. GC ->AT)
2) mutation rate is proportional to amount of mutagen