Part F: Lecture 14

Question 1

before Mendel, the proposed mechanism for inheritance was ____

Answer 1

blending inheritance (two traits are blended together)

Question 2

Gregor Mendel was a ____ not austrian monk

Answer 2

silesian friar

Question 3

Mendel performed his experiments ____ - _____

Answer 3

1856 - 1863

Question 4

Garden peas are a good model organism because ____

Answer 4

-easy to grow
-distinct varieties (seed, flower, pod, stem type)
-easy to mate
-easy to observe phenotypes

Question 5

pollination type of garden peas

Answer 5

-self pollination
-cross-pollination

Question 6

carpel of garden peas

Answer 6

female

Question 7

stamens of garden peas

Answer 7

male

Question 8

Mendel began with _____ strains

Answer 8

pure-breeding

Question 9

genetic cross (def.)

Answer 9

an experiment in which males and females of model organism are mated to produce offspring

Question 10

Generations of genetic cross

Answer 10

P = parents
F1 = 1st filial (child)
F2 = 2nd filial

Question 11

Reciprocal crosses (def.)

Answer 11

genetic crosses in which males of genotype A are crossed to females of genotype B and vice versa

Question 12

impure breeding

Answer 12

heterozygous

Question 13

pure breeding

Answer 13

homozygous

Question 14

Heredity is controlled by ___

Answer 14

genes

Question 15

the term gene is from ____

Answer 15

Wilhelm Johannsen

Question 16

Mendel’s model

Answer 16

a) Heredity is controlled by genes
b) Genes are in pairs (B/B or b/b)
c) One phenotype is dominant
d) Gametes only have one of each gene pair (B or b)
e) Equal segregation of genes into gametes (gametes are 1/2 B and 1/2b)
f)Random fertilization

Question 17

Mendel’s first law:

Answer 17

Law of Segregation: The two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation

Question 18

Punnett Square (def.)

Answer 18

a method to predict the outcome of a genetic cross

Question 19

A good model has three properties:

Answer 19

simple
explains most if not all the data
testable

Question 20

F1 plants carry two ____

Answer 20

alleles but only one is revealed

Question 21

9:3:3:1 ratio is just____

Answer 21

superimposed 3:1 ratios

Question 22

Mendel’s second law:

Answer 22

Law of Independent Assortment: genes separate independently of each other during gamete formation

Question 23

1st law describes ___ gene and 2nd law describes ___ genes

Answer 23

one
two