Part F: Lecture 14 Flashcards
before Mendel, the proposed mechanism for inheritance was ____
blending inheritance (two traits are blended together)
Gregor Mendel was a ____ not austrian monk
silesian friar
Mendel performed his experiments ____ - _____
1856 - 1863
Garden peas are a good model organism because ____
-easy to grow
-distinct varieties (seed, flower, pod, stem type)
-easy to mate
-easy to observe phenotypes
pollination type of garden peas
-self pollination
-cross-pollination
carpel of garden peas
female
stamens of garden peas
male
Mendel began with _____ strains
pure-breeding
genetic cross (def.)
an experiment in which males and females of model organism are mated to produce offspring
Generations of genetic cross
P = parents
F1 = 1st filial (child)
F2 = 2nd filial
Reciprocal crosses (def.)
genetic crosses in which males of genotype A are crossed to females of genotype B and vice versa
impure breeding
heterozygous
pure breeding
homozygous
Heredity is controlled by ___
genes
the term gene is from ____
Wilhelm Johannsen
Mendel’s model
a) Heredity is controlled by genes
b) Genes are in pairs (B/B or b/b)
c) One phenotype is dominant
d) Gametes only have one of each gene pair (B or b)
e) Equal segregation of genes into gametes (gametes are 1/2 B and 1/2b)
f)Random fertilization
Mendel’s first law:
Law of Segregation: The two alleles of a gene separate during gamete formation
Punnett Square (def.)
a method to predict the outcome of a genetic cross
A good model has three properties:
simple
explains most if not all the data
testable
F1 plants carry two ____
alleles but only one is revealed
9:3:3:1 ratio is just____
superimposed 3:1 ratios
Mendel’s second law:
Law of Independent Assortment: genes separate independently of each other during gamete formation
1st law describes ___ gene and 2nd law describes ___ genes
one
two
