Part F: Lecture 15 Flashcards
Genetics is the study of ____
genes
Genetics involves which organisms?
humans
non-model organisms
model organisms
Molecular genetics (def.)
DNA removed from cell and we can do experiments on it
Molecular genetics involves which organisms?
humans
non-model organisms
model organisms
Population genetics is the study of ___
genes within population (lives outdoors not in lab)
Population genetics involves which organisms?
humans
non-model organisms
Classical genetics (def.)
examining the offspring of living organisms (in vivo)
Classical genetics involves which organisms?
model organisms
Genetic crosses for establishing dominance
cross two pure-breeding strains
F1 has phenotype of dominant allele (if not –> allele interaction)
Genetic crosses: Test cross
cross the cell/organism with the dominant phenotype to a recessive tester for when you don’t know the genotype of organism with dominant phenotype
Test cross when dominant phenotype (A/A) and offspring is ____
A/a
Test cross when dominant phenotype (A/a) and offspring is ____
A/a
a/a
Reciprocal cross F1 results when gene is on autosome
F1 results are the same
Reciprocal cross F1 results when gene is on sex chromosome
F1 results are not the same
Dihybrid crosses involve ___
two genes
Dihybrid self crosses are also called ___
intercross
Dihybrid self cross: F2 results
9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio (if not -> gene interaction)
Dihybrid self crosses involve ____
2 double heterozygotes
Dihybrid test cross involve ____
double heterozygote
double homozygote
Dihybrid test cross: F2 results
1:1:1:1 phenotypic ratio (if not –> gene on the same chromosome)
Probability rules: Multiplication rule
the probability that two events both occur = prob (event 1) x prob (event 2)
Probability rules: Addition rule
the probability that either of two events occur = prob (event 1) + prob (event 2)
Probability rules: Subtraction rule
the probability that either something will happen or it wont
prob (event happens) + prob (event doesn’t occur) =1
Gambler’s fallacy (def.)
past events influence future probabilities (ex. if 4 hasn’t come up recently it is more likely to now )
Gambler’s fallacy example
actual= 1/4
gambler’s fallacy < 1/4
(this past event doesn’t affect future event)
