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Equine Science ANBI 320 > Paracites > Flashcards

Paracites Flashcards

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1
Q

what issues can underweight horses have

A
  • parasite load = ( not anymore because we give antibodies to reduce parasitic loads
  • insufficient energy
  • dental problems
  • competition for feed (the low horse on the totem poll will not get enough feed)
  • malabsorption
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2
Q

what type of internal parasites do horses get

A

nemoatodes (roundworms)
cestodes (tapeworms)
arthropods (bot larvae)

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3
Q

what different Nematodes can be found in the horse

A
  • small strongyles
  • large roundworms
  • large strongyles
  • intestinal threadworm
  • stomach worm
  • pinworms
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4
Q

where can small strongyles (cyathostomes ) reside in horses

A
  • they are clever survivalists - burrow into wall of large intestine and can remain there for years and accumulate numbers
  • they develope to a specific stage and wait
  • all or most hatch at the same time
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5
Q

who suffers the most strong small stronglyles

A
  • most significant paracite in mature horses
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6
Q

what problems to small stronglyes cause

A
  • synchronus emergence of encysted cyathostomes from mucosal lining of large intestine causes larval cyathostomosis
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7
Q

what is effected most by large strogyles

A
  • most significant in ypung (less the two) horses
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8
Q

what probems can be seen with large strogyles

A
  • poor hair coat
  • pot belly
  • weight loss
  • diarrhea
  • flatulence (gas)
  • seconday malnutrition
  • colic
  • impaction
  • obstruction
  • coughing and nasal discharge
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9
Q

what is a large stronglye (blood worms, red worms and palisade worms)

A
  • strongylus equines
    S. vularis
    S. edantatus
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10
Q

what is the direct impact location and symptoms of S. Vulgaris

A
  • moves into lining of arteries that invade the gut
  • restricts blood flow, can cause infarctions ( necrosis of intestinal segments) and verminous aneurym (ballooning of mesenteric artery)
  • blood clots in intestine, heart, kidney, liver and legs
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11
Q

what is the direct impact location and symptoms of S. equinus

A
  • moves into liver and pancreas
  • can cause submucosal cysts in the liver
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12
Q

what is the direct impact location and symptoms of S.edentatus

A
  • moves into the liver and peritoneum
  • can cause liver damage and peritonitis
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13
Q

what are the different names of stomach worms (4)

A
  • habronema muscae
  • habronema microstoma
  • habronema majus
  • draschia megastoma
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14
Q

what are the effects of stomach worms

A
  • can cause gastric or cutaneous disease; gastric disease with no clinical signs
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15
Q

what is the life cycle of stomach worms

A
  • requires equine primary and fly hosts
  • face fly requires fresh horse or cattle manure to develop
  • aberrant cycle associated with flys deposited in wounds or openings not providing acess to stomach and the nematodes being unable to complete their life cycle
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16
Q

what symptoms does stomach worms have

A
  • habronemiasis (summer sores, granular dermatitis, jack sores, bursati)
  • nonhealing skin lesions, ulceration in moist areas, intense itching and formation of proud flesh
17
Q

how is a horse infected with intestinal threadworms

A
  • infective larvae may be swollowed (major source in mothers milk) or may pass directly through skin; more common in foals
  • larvae that pass through the skin migrate to lungs, get coughed up and are swollowed to enter into digestive tract
18
Q

what is the different between males and females larvae of intestinal threadworms

A
  • females = embed in the mucosal wall of the small intestine and produce eggs parthenogenically
  • males = free living; sexually reproduction occurs between free living adults to product infected larvae
19
Q

what is usually the only sign for intestinal threadworm infection

A

diarrhea

20
Q

what is the life cycle of pinworms

A
  • spend entire life cycle in intestinal lumen
  • adults lay eggs in the rectum
  • cause minimal damage, usually limited to irritation of perineal area
21
Q

what problems do tapeworms cause

A
  • can be up to 1 meter long
  • new or newly recognized causes of severe sometimes fatal colic
  • secretes chemicals that lower GI motility
  • presence associated with ileal impaction, rupture of ileum/cecum, spasmodic colic and ileocecal intussusception
22
Q

what is the life cycle of bots (gasterophilus)

A
  • migrate through oral tissues and burrow into mucosal lining of the stomach

Equine Science ANBI 320 (23 decks)

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