Module 4: Wound care Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest organ for a horse

A
  • the skin
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2
Q

what functions does the skin hold

A
  • protection = anatomic and physical barrier
  • thermoregulation = hair coat, regulation of continuous blood supply and sweat glands
  • sensory organ = how sensitive the skin is depends on innate features
  • vitamin D synthasis
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3
Q

what are the three layers of the skin

A
  • epidermis (53um)
  • dermis (1-6 mm)
  • subcutaneous fatty tissue
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4
Q

what is the stratum basal

A

stratum basale = germinal cells generate all cells of the epidermis
- produces cells to replenish and repair outer layers
- produces basement memebrane, an adhesive interface between epidermis and dermis

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5
Q

what is the stratum corneum

A
  • highly keratinized anuclear corneocytes surrounded by hydrophobic secretions
  • sloughs off (desquamation)
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6
Q

what are keratinocytes

A
  • make keratin fibrous protein
  • immunity and healing
  • > 90% epidermal cells
  • structural protection
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7
Q

what are melanocytes

A
  • responsible for skin and coat colour
  • Uv protection
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8
Q

what are langerhan cells

A
  • regulate immune response
  • maintain homeostasis
  • present antigen T-cells
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9
Q

what are merkle cells

A
  • sense external stimuli = mechanoreception
  • pass sensory info to nervous system = mechanotransduction
  • cutaneous circulation
  • sweat protection
  • hair cycle - shedding a summer coat
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10
Q

what is the dermis

A
  • collagen types 1 and 3
  • strength
  • elastin PSGAG - resiliance
  • fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages
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11
Q

what is the basement membrane

A
  • anchors epidermis to dermis
  • laminin, collagen (IV VII)
  • hemidesmosomes
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12
Q

what are closed wounds

A
  • bruises
  • traumatic injuries that did not breach the skin
  • they can swell up
  • can be both hard and soft lump
  • some can clear up on their own
  • some cant
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13
Q

what is a hematoma

A
  • blood collection
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14
Q

what is a seroma

A
  • serum collected
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15
Q

how can you help heal closed wounds

A
  • hot/ cold therapy (3x 5 minutes 4 times a day)
  • some require a surgical drain
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16
Q

what is the issue with adding a drain to a closed wound

A
  • that opens up an area for bacteria to come in
17
Q

what is a puncture wound

A
  • small entry hole, breaking dermis and epidermis
  • problem areas - joints, body cavity, or eye
  • cause shock
  • potentially the most dangerous because they can go undetected and porvide an entry point for bacteria
18
Q

how do you take care of a puncture wound

A
  • completely remove any foreign material
  • drain wound
  • thoroughly clean
  • continue to maintain dranage
19
Q

what are potential complications for puncture wounds

A
  • infection spreads
  • tissue necrosis
  • tetanus
20
Q

what are open wounds

A
  • they do not provide a home for anerobs
  • disrupt integrity of the skin
  • damage underlying tissues
21
Q

what is partial

A

not so deep (abrasions)
- leave them alone

22
Q

what is full thickness

23
Q

what are the 4 phases of full thickness healing

A
  • hemostasis = blood loss control (stops blood flow through vasoconstriction)
  • inflammation = remove foreign body
  • proliferation = granultion of tissue (
  • remodeling = scare tissue
24
Q

what is inflammation

A
  • heats area
  • liberate mediators to amplify and sustain healing
  • prepare for healing
  • remove foreign substances
  • removal of dead tissues
  • activated neutrophils - phagcytize bacteria ( eating)
  • macrophages coordinate healing
25
what happens when inflammatory response fails
- the growth of proud flesh - overgrowth of skin cells - can run rampid quickly
26
how do you clean a wound
- hand syringe - irrigation antiseptics ( balance bacteria effects) - break up biofilms with dishsoap - apply honey
27
what is wound contraction
- rate depending on rate of healing
28
what are the three layers of wound padding
- contact layer - not adherant (it cannot stick to the wound) - padding layer : protectant , exudate absorbtion - outer layer = compressive elastic
29
what are the different types of wound dressing
- occlusive - not reccomened past initial stages - can stimulate proud flesh (exception silicon gell pads) - semi occlusive - generally perferred - non- occlusive - may require more frequent changing
30
what id wound dressing dictated by
- site and size of wound - stage of healing - amount of exudate - level of contamination
31
how can you prevent proud flesh
- avoid caustic agents, occlusive bandages - use foam dressing to absorb exudate and bacteria to prevent occlusions
32
what are red alert sugns for wound managment
- eye - joint - spirting blood - prolonged lamness
33
what are treatments of proud flesh
- corticosteroids creams - excisions
34
what are causes of proud flesh
- distal limb - large wound - hypoxia ( no O2 to the area) - inflamatory mediators (no vasiline) - causic agents - trauam