Genetics and Horse Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

what is selection

A
  • causing or permitting some individuals to produce more offspring then others
  • human-directed selecting, human selection does the same thing but in with different goals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

factors in selection

A
  1. breed or dont breed = when you breed there should be a reason
  2. how many offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

No thoroughbred can be registered without natural conception, why?

A
  • stops inbreeding (partially)
  • keeps the stud feed high
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are focal traits

A

-performance
- conformation
- temperament
- trainability
- genetically clean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of traits are most selective criterias

A
  • quantitative traits
  • measured on a continous scale
  • polygenic
  • phenotypic is function of genetics and environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are examples of quantitative traits

A
  • conformation
  • performance
  • longevity
  • fertility
  • height
  • weight
  • angle of pelvis
  • cow sense
  • quality of trot
    jumping ability
  • environment = management, trainer, rider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what happens with variance

A
  • if theres two little phenotypic selection - not a lot to choose
    if the phenotype is similar the genotype is likely too similar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what creates phenotypic variance

A

genotypic variance + environmental variance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the purpose of selection

A
  • direct change in some characteristic(s) of the population which exhibit genetic and phenotypic variation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the effect of selection

A
  • change in frequency of allele (s) that influence trait(s) being selection
  • traits may be selected directly or indirectly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens during selection success

A
  • imporvement (change) in trait (s) for population
  • changes the mean
  • reduces the variance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what determines a response in selection

A

depends on heritability and selection intensity
rate also depends on generational interval
- proportion of difference between animals due to differences in genotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is considered good heritability

A
  • environment are identical h2=1.0
  • if all animals are clones h2=0.0
  • measure of how much of differences between animals are due or not due to genetic differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is taken into consideration for breeding stock selection

A
  • heritability
  • generation interval
  • selection intensity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are other breeding stock selections considerations

A
  • indirect selection effects
  • inbreeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what can a good performance record do

A
  • good indication of genetic value if the traits are heritable
17
Q

how heritability

18
Q

moderate heritability

19
Q

high heritability

20
Q

what is a relationship

A
  • proportion of genes in common between individual and acestor cited in pedigree
21
Q

what is the order of thins for production and traits

A

conformation
athleticism
performance

22
Q

what are peripheral traits

A

longevity
temperament
trainability

23
Q

what is taken into consideration for breeding stock selection

A
  • individual performance record
  • relatives performance record
  • peripheral traits
  • free of genetic defects
  • choose traits to select for set criteria
  • determine relative emphasis to place on each trait
24
Q

what are common defects

A
  • hernias
  • cryptorchadism
  • parrot mouth
  • cataracts
  • heaves
  • DOD
  • ER
  • ligament desmitis
25
what are goals are in mating plans
1. prepotency = breed improvement, animals ability to improve offspring they display (but issues with inbreeding) 2. performance = within breed or crossbreeding, reduce ability to successfully pass on characterics
26
what is a breed
- closed - same breed make up - open - can bring in other breeds
27
what is inbreeding
- inbreeding = line breeding = linecrossing - suggests there is lines in horse genetics but not clearly defined
28
what is positive assortive mating
- breeding like to like
29
what is negative assortive mating
breeding like to unlike
30
what is compensatory corrective mating
- correct trait flaws by focusing on that in the mate
31
what is exploiting in crossbreeding
- breed complementary - heterosis
32
what issues can be found in breeding
- RER - EIPH - LLH soundness - competitive longevity - fertility
33
what are breed issues with friesian
- dwarfism - hydrocephalus - placement retention - insect bite hypersensitivity - megaoesophagus - aortic rupture - chronic progressive lymphoedema - bilateral corneal stromal loss - umbilical, diaphragmatic, liguinal and ventral hermias - cryptorchidism - tendon and ligament laxity
34
using new tools
- performance genes - genetic markers for soundness or unsoundness -genetic markers for temperament trainability - design management and training for genotype