Feeding - Related Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
what type of diet do horses need
A
- fibre based diet
- minimum of 60% for the diet
2
Q
why do you need lots of fibre in a diet
A
- gastrointestinal motility
- buffers gastric acid
- feeds cecal microflora ( without fibre these fibres produce more acid and make a toxic environmnet
- maintains hydration
3
Q
what can happen if you dont have fibre in the diet
A
- impaction colic or EGUS from no movement
4
Q
how often should you feed horses
A
- frequent or continuous feeding
5
Q
why do you need to feed frequently
A
- gastrointestinal motility
- buffers gastric acid
- feeds cecal microflora
- maintains hydration
- natural behaviour (steriotipies increases)
- insulin and leptin control
6
Q
what are the feeding rules
A
- fibre based diet
- frequent or continous feeding
- water and salt available
- change feeds gradually
- tailer feed to need
7
Q
why do you need water and salt readily available
A
- gastrointestinal motility
- hydration
- appetite ( without enough water appetite decreases)
- electrolyte balance
8
Q
what happens if horses dont get enough water or salt
A
- impaction colic
- dehydration
- inappetence
- electrolyte imbalance
9
Q
why should you change feeds gradually
A
- maintains cecal microflora - sudden changes = abrupt with toxic release and can cause laminitites and death
10
Q
what happens if you change feeds too fast
A
- colic
- endotoxemia (from change in cecum microflora)
- laminitis
11
Q
what is taylor feed to need
A
- assesing horses body condition
- this eliminates the idea that one food type is fit for the average horse (doesnt exists)
- maintains condition
- could cause to fat or to thin issues
12
Q
what can cause feed related disorders
A
- feed = what and how you are feeding
- management = keeping horses in isolation
- genetics = specifically related to ulcers (not as much as the other two)b
13
Q
what is EGUS
A
- equine gastric ulcer syndrome
- nutritional causes (high NSC diet and insufficient fibres
- genetics (high strung horses)
- management causes = meal feeding and confinement
14
Q
what is EMS
A
- equine metabolic sydrome
- same as type 2 diabetes
- insulin resistance (high blood glucose, insuline releases but glucose doesnt go down = hyperglycermia)
- profound susceptibility to laminitis
- abnormal fat distribution
15
Q
what are common places to see fat increase for EMS
A
- eye fat pads
- neck
- shoulder
- loin
- tailhead
16
Q
what is DOD
A
- development orthopedic disease
- error in maturation or development of bone before or after birth
17
Q
what are feed contributions that cause DOD
A
- mineral imbalances/ deficiencies
- accelerated growth rate (high DE)
- high NSC
18
Q
what are genetic contributions that cause DOD
A
- accelerated growth rate
19
Q
what are management contributions that add to DOD
A
- inappropriate biomedical stress
- working to early before bone develpment
- insufficient biomedical stress
20
Q
what is Photosensitization
A
- type 1: toxic plants
-type 2 : fungus infested clover
21
Q
what is big head disease
A
- high phosphorus then calcium in diet
- nutritional secondary hyperthyroidism
22
Q
what does selinium
A
- insufficient or excess
- sloff hoofs
- poor coat
- wont have mane or tail
- blood test shows
23
Q
what happens during vitamin E deficiencies
A
- no access to green forage at all = vitamin E deficiency
- equine motor neuron
- by the time you see clinical signs its to late
24
Q
what is colic distress
A
- can range in severity from a horses need to pass wind to the necessity of surgery to correct displace, twisted or impacted intestines
25
what are colic behavious signs
- rolling
- pawing
- laying down
- backing up
- kicking belly
- flehmen
- nipping sides
- standing in a stretched position
- lack of defecation
26
what are colic risk factos
- previous colic
- high concentrate, low roughage diet
- sudden changes of feed, binges
- sudden changes in level of activity
- parasite infestation
- stress from transport
- inconsistant water supply
- moldy feed
- ingestion of foreign objects
- insufficient exercise
- poor dentation
- stereotypies
27
how can minimize risk factors
- leave horse on pasture
- remove parasites
28
what do you do it the horse has colic
- remove feed and water
- assess horse (want to know vital signs - dehydration or shoke)
- prevent self - injury ( colic horses roll, but the legs can get caught)
- call a vet
- provide pain relief, under vet advice ( counters activated sympathetic nervous system that subdues gastrointestinal motility)
29
what are the three different
- flatulent - too much gas
- spasmodic - too much peristalsis
- impaction - too little movement of digesta
30
what is the most common type of colic
- idiopathic gas or spasmodic
- responds to conservative treatments
31
symptoms of flatulent colic
- gas colic or bloat
- tight distended abdomen
- abdomen painful to palpation
- respiratory distress
- elevated temperature
- elevated gut sounds
32
symptoms of spasmodic colic
- intermittent bouts of mild to severe distress
- TPR usually normal
- relief with abdominal massage
- intermittent loud tummy rumbling
33
symptoms of impaction colic
- decrease in gut sounds
- relief by abdominal massage
- elevated temperature
- mild onset
- reduced fecal output, feces dry and may be mucus covered
34
what are symptoms of large colon displacement
- mild to moderate colic
- abdominal distension
- mild to moderate dehydration
- diagnosis by rectal palpation
35
what is a strangulating intestinal lesion
- rapidly life threatening twists that block passage of ingesta and may result in necrosis of surrounding tissue
36
what is strangulating lipoma
- stalk that wraps around colin
- requires early referal and surgical correction
37
what is enteritis
- inflammation of the small intestine
- may be associated with infection by salmonalla or clostridia or infestation of endoparasites
38
what is colitis
- inflammation of the large intestine
- often associated with the infection of salmonella or clostridia or anti inflammatory drugs
39
what is colon torsion
- brood mares
- pre and post parturition
40
how can you control and provent colic
- exercise
- fibre
- water and salt
41
what happens when there is a insufficient gastrointestinal motility
- gas colic
- spasmodic colic
- impaction colic
- GI torsion
42
what happens during a carb overload
- gastric digestion/ absorbtion insufficient, simple carbs get to cecum
- dermentation increases lactic acid and bacteria that break down simple carbs
- pH decreases and resident bacteria dies off
- toxins enter circulation and colic endotoxemia and laminitis starts
