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Equine Science ANBI 320 > Feeding - Related Disorders > Flashcards

Feeding - Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of diet do horses need

A
  • fibre based diet
  • minimum of 60% for the diet
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2
Q

why do you need lots of fibre in a diet

A
  • gastrointestinal motility
  • buffers gastric acid
  • feeds cecal microflora ( without fibre these fibres produce more acid and make a toxic environmnet
  • maintains hydration
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3
Q

what can happen if you dont have fibre in the diet

A
  • impaction colic or EGUS from no movement
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4
Q

how often should you feed horses

A
  • frequent or continuous feeding
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5
Q

why do you need to feed frequently

A
  • gastrointestinal motility
  • buffers gastric acid
  • feeds cecal microflora
  • maintains hydration
  • natural behaviour (steriotipies increases)
  • insulin and leptin control
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6
Q

what are the feeding rules

A
  1. fibre based diet
  2. frequent or continous feeding
  3. water and salt available
  4. change feeds gradually
  5. tailer feed to need
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7
Q

why do you need water and salt readily available

A
  • gastrointestinal motility
  • hydration
  • appetite ( without enough water appetite decreases)
  • electrolyte balance
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8
Q

what happens if horses dont get enough water or salt

A
  • impaction colic
  • dehydration
  • inappetence
  • electrolyte imbalance
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9
Q

why should you change feeds gradually

A
  • maintains cecal microflora - sudden changes = abrupt with toxic release and can cause laminitites and death
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10
Q

what happens if you change feeds too fast

A
  • colic
  • endotoxemia (from change in cecum microflora)
  • laminitis
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11
Q

what is taylor feed to need

A
  • assesing horses body condition
  • this eliminates the idea that one food type is fit for the average horse (doesnt exists)
  • maintains condition
  • could cause to fat or to thin issues
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12
Q

what can cause feed related disorders

A
  1. feed = what and how you are feeding
  2. management = keeping horses in isolation
  3. genetics = specifically related to ulcers (not as much as the other two)b
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13
Q

what is EGUS

A
  • equine gastric ulcer syndrome
  • nutritional causes (high NSC diet and insufficient fibres
  • genetics (high strung horses)
  • management causes = meal feeding and confinement
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14
Q

what is EMS

A
  • equine metabolic sydrome
  • same as type 2 diabetes
  • insulin resistance (high blood glucose, insuline releases but glucose doesnt go down = hyperglycermia)
  • profound susceptibility to laminitis
  • abnormal fat distribution
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15
Q

what are common places to see fat increase for EMS

A
  • eye fat pads
  • neck
  • shoulder
  • loin
  • tailhead
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16
Q

what is DOD

A
  • development orthopedic disease
  • error in maturation or development of bone before or after birth
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17
Q

what are feed contributions that cause DOD

A
  • mineral imbalances/ deficiencies
  • accelerated growth rate (high DE)
  • high NSC
18
Q

what are genetic contributions that cause DOD

A
  • accelerated growth rate
19
Q

what are management contributions that add to DOD

A
  • inappropriate biomedical stress
  • working to early before bone develpment
  • insufficient biomedical stress
20
Q

what is Photosensitization

A
  • type 1: toxic plants
    -type 2 : fungus infested clover
21
Q

what is big head disease

A
  • high phosphorus then calcium in diet
  • nutritional secondary hyperthyroidism
22
Q

what does selinium

A
  • insufficient or excess
  • sloff hoofs
  • poor coat
  • wont have mane or tail
  • blood test shows
23
Q

what happens during vitamin E deficiencies

A
  • no access to green forage at all = vitamin E deficiency
  • equine motor neuron
  • by the time you see clinical signs its to late
24
Q

what is colic distress

A
  • can range in severity from a horses need to pass wind to the necessity of surgery to correct displace, twisted or impacted intestines
25
Q

what are colic behavious signs

A
  • rolling
  • pawing
  • laying down
  • backing up
  • kicking belly
  • flehmen
  • nipping sides
  • standing in a stretched position
  • lack of defecation
26
Q

what are colic risk factos

A
  • previous colic
  • high concentrate, low roughage diet
  • sudden changes of feed, binges
  • sudden changes in level of activity
  • parasite infestation
  • stress from transport
  • inconsistant water supply
  • moldy feed
  • ingestion of foreign objects
  • insufficient exercise
  • poor dentation
  • stereotypies
27
Q

how can minimize risk factors

A
  • leave horse on pasture
  • remove parasites
28
Q

what do you do it the horse has colic

A
  • remove feed and water
  • assess horse (want to know vital signs - dehydration or shoke)
  • prevent self - injury ( colic horses roll, but the legs can get caught)
  • call a vet
  • provide pain relief, under vet advice ( counters activated sympathetic nervous system that subdues gastrointestinal motility)
29
Q

what are the three different

A
  • flatulent - too much gas
  • spasmodic - too much peristalsis
  • impaction - too little movement of digesta
30
Q

what is the most common type of colic

A
  • idiopathic gas or spasmodic
  • responds to conservative treatments
31
Q

symptoms of flatulent colic

A
  • gas colic or bloat
  • tight distended abdomen
  • abdomen painful to palpation
  • respiratory distress
  • elevated temperature
  • elevated gut sounds
32
Q

symptoms of spasmodic colic

A
  • intermittent bouts of mild to severe distress
  • TPR usually normal
  • relief with abdominal massage
  • intermittent loud tummy rumbling
33
Q

symptoms of impaction colic

A
  • decrease in gut sounds
  • relief by abdominal massage
  • elevated temperature
  • mild onset
  • reduced fecal output, feces dry and may be mucus covered
34
Q

what are symptoms of large colon displacement

A
  • mild to moderate colic
  • abdominal distension
  • mild to moderate dehydration
  • diagnosis by rectal palpation
35
Q

what is a strangulating intestinal lesion

A
  • rapidly life threatening twists that block passage of ingesta and may result in necrosis of surrounding tissue
36
Q

what is strangulating lipoma

A
  • stalk that wraps around colin
  • requires early referal and surgical correction
37
Q

what is enteritis

A
  • inflammation of the small intestine
  • may be associated with infection by salmonalla or clostridia or infestation of endoparasites
38
Q

what is colitis

A
  • inflammation of the large intestine
  • often associated with the infection of salmonella or clostridia or anti inflammatory drugs
39
Q

what is colon torsion

A
  • brood mares
  • pre and post parturition
40
Q

how can you control and provent colic

A
  • exercise
  • fibre
  • water and salt
41
Q

what happens when there is a insufficient gastrointestinal motility

A
  • gas colic
  • spasmodic colic
  • impaction colic
  • GI torsion
42
Q

what happens during a carb overload

A
  • gastric digestion/ absorbtion insufficient, simple carbs get to cecum
  • dermentation increases lactic acid and bacteria that break down simple carbs
  • pH decreases and resident bacteria dies off
  • toxins enter circulation and colic endotoxemia and laminitis starts

Equine Science ANBI 320 (20 decks)

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