Module 3: Horse Assesment

Question 1

Why are horses assessed

Answer 1

good health indicators
injury assesment

Question 2

what is considered in a visual evaluation

Answer 2

• body condition
• coat condition
• eyes
• movement
• behaviour

Question 3

what are warning signs on a body condition score test 1-9?

Answer 3

• too fat or too thin
• 6 areas of concern - crest, fat on withers, along the spin, tail head, elbow and ribs/ stomach

Question 4

what does a body condition score of 1 look like

Answer 4

• whole body extremely emacipated
• no fat tissue
• bone structure visable
• dips around tail/ rump
• elbow standing out and space between elbow and barrel

Question 5

what is the last place on a horse it looses muscle?

Answer 5

Rump

Question 6

what does a horse with a body scale of 9 look like

Answer 6

• extremely fat - inner buttocks may rub together
• neck and withers and buldging fat
• patchy fat appears over ribs

Question 7

what could horses with a body score of 9 be susceptible to

Answer 7

• lamness
• laminitis
• metabolic problems
• hard time moving or breathing

Question 8

what should a quality coat look like

Answer 8

• smooth
• glossy
• ## seasonally appropriate (long hair in winter/short in the summer)

Question 9

what are warning signs in coat conditions

Answer 9

• wounds
• dry brittle patchy skin
• external paracites

Question 10

what do healthy eyes look like

Answer 10

bright
clear
wide open

Question 11

what do warning signs in eyes look like

Answer 11

dull
glazed
cloudy
squinty
discharge

Question 12

what two things should movement have

Answer 12

• symmetrical and smooth
• there is always asymmetry to some degree but it should be unnoticible
• should hesitate or pause

Question 13

what are some warning signs in movement

Answer 13

• asymmetry (neuro)
• lameness
• stiffness
• hesitation

Question 14

what are good behavioural signs

Answer 14

• need to know the horse to know its behaviour
• calm
• alert
• normal defication and urination

Question 15

what are some behavioural warning signs

Answer 15

• atypical
• anxious
• depressed
• aggressive
• somnotent (excessivily sleepy)

Question 16

what should the normal TPR be on a regular horse

Answer 16

temperature - 37.2-38.3C
pulse - 25-45 BMP
respiration - 10-25 breaths/min

Question 17

what is a dangerous temp for your horse

Answer 17

40.5C

Question 18

what can influence BMP

Answer 18

resting/ working
age
gender
fitness

Question 19

what is a dangerous BPM

Answer 19

over 68 BPM after 30 minutes of working

Question 20

what is the normal colour for muscous memebranes

Answer 20

pale roseate
pink

Question 21

what do poor mucous membranes look like

Answer 21

pale - anemia, blood loss, dehydration or infection

dark red - circulatory comprimise, shock

yellow - jaundice

Question 22

what is the right CRT

Answer 22

under 4 seconds
- press on gums with thumb - white and colour returning
jugualar refil
skin pinch

Question 23

what are some ways horses get hydration

Answer 23

• drinking water
• water in feed
• metabolic water
• water lost - urine, sweat, feces and milk

Question 24

what causes dehydration

Answer 24

• loosing more water then taking in

Question 25

how can you asses dehydration

Answer 25

- skin tint, 2-3 s CRT over 2 and gums try

Question 26

how do you treat dehydration

Answer 26

water IV and electrolytes

Question 27

what % is dangerous in terms of dehydration

Answer 27

- 8-10% can kill >10 skin tent stays crt over 5 cold extremitites 12-15% shock and death

Question 28

where can horses experience discharge from

Answer 28

- nasal - oral - occular

Question 29

which is the most common type of discharge

Answer 29

- nasal

Question 30

what do different discharges mean

Answer 30

- bilateral, watery - allergies - bilateral thick, yellow - viral or bacteria - flowing bloody, EIPH, bacterial, fungal infection of gutteral pouch - dry with blood - ethmoid hematoma - unilateral creamlike - gutteral pouch empyema - bilateral foamy chunky - choking

Question 31

where is the gutteral pouch

Answer 31

- under ear

Question 32

what are colic symptoms

Answer 32

- looking/ biting signs - stretching - kicking belly - rolling without shaking - flehmans repsonse - pawing not eating

Question 33

T/F you should give a horse banimene when they colic

Answer 33

false, it masks the signs and colic can get worse without notice - can also effect ability to get surgery

Question 34

do you want to here silence from the gut

Answer 34

NO

Question 35

what are your goals with first aid

Answer 35

- preserve life - prevent suffering - stabalize condition - relieve acute conditions

Question 36

what are the most common injuries or risks

Answer 36

- wounds - colic - lamness

Question 37

what are options you can do

Answer 37

- can you take care of the problem - call for assistance if you cant - keep horse calm and safe - maintian untill help arrives - check vital signs

Question 38

what should you have in a first aid kit

Answer 38

- help numbers (vets ferrriors knowledgable people) - restraint aids ( halter lead shank, ropes and twitch) - medications (what you know) - bandages - cleaning solutions ( water, salene, antiseptic) - would creams ( honey) - fly repellent - ebsons salts for swelling anti fungal meds - mineral oils for colic - anti inflammatories - antibodies ( if horse has known allergies) - sedatives - sterile gauze, cotton - sillicon gell pads - leg wraps, vet wraps and duck tape - thermometer and stethoscope - needles syringe - scissores, penlight note pad and pencil