Paper 2 Urban Challenges in Uk Flashcards
how is uks population distributed
one of most urbanised countries in world
82% of population lives in a city- typical of HIC
where is Birmingham
west midlands
what is the population
3200peple /km2
what is Birminghams importance in UK (5)
1 million residents produce combined economic outcome equal to 21 million Angolians - Africas richest country
New Street station busiest outside of London
has fastest growing economy outside of London
5 unis - most outside London
over 3000 companies based there including JLR BBc
what is age of population
young city most proportion of under 25s in Europe 40% of population under 25
where is the finacial business district
Colemore Row
what is Birmingham’s global importance (4)
many direct air links
2016 over 35 million visited bringing £35 billion
2022 hosted commonwealth games
Birmingham airport continues to grow
what has migration been like (5)
late 19th century Jews fleeing Russia
1930 Jews fleeing Germany
WW2 Polish refugees
after WW2 migration from commonwealth
since 2004 influx from EU
what is religious mix
Christianity dominant followed by Islam central mosque is the biggest in Europe also large community of Sikhs and jews
why is Birmingham attractive to migrants (5)
accessible from all of UK
strong growing economy
good investment in public services
established ethnic communities
cheap air fares
what has the impact of migration been
city has rich cultural heritage and development of multicultural communities
where is the evidence of multicultural communities
ethnic restaurants and cultural events
7 challenges Birmingham faces
urban deprivation
inequality - housing, education, health, employment
dereliction
build on brownfield sites
waste disposal
urban sprawl
growth of commute settlements
what is urban deprivation
having the quality life which is below what is acceptable in a particular country
what is deprivation like in Birmingham (3)
high 43% live in LSOAs
51% of children live in most deprived areas
7th most deprived authority in England
where is most deprivation in Birmingham
Hodgehill, Sparkbrook, Balsal Heath, Bordeslygreen
How is deprivation measured in England
Multiple Deprivation Index eg income employment education health and crime
what is the quality of life
it describes conditions in which people live - social conditions, healthcare, housing and environment
how does Birmingham compare (4)
22% are income deprived -
15% unemployed
3rd highest for lack of attainment
5th highest risk of premature death
what is it like in Sutton Coldfield (5)
8.4% of Birminghams population live there
only 11% from ethnic minorities
life expectancy is higher than national average
health - child obesity is lowest in Birmingham
economic - there is a large amount claiming a pension so population is older more falls
what is Ladywood like
2nd most deprived area in the city
13% of the population live there
78% under 45
72% ethnic background (15% nationally)
what did the 2017 housing report say
there are not enough affordable houses in the city
housing is slow to be developed
property values are rising especially in Ladywood
who is moving into Ladywood
young professionals and investors
what is education like in Ladywood
lower than Birmingham and National
what are the health inequalities in Ladywood (3)
life expectancy is lower main cause of death is heart disease, lung cancer and alchoholic liver
worst infant mortality rate in England
child obesity is common
what are the inequalities in economies
in Ladywood claiming out of work benefits 10.6% GB 3.7%
no qualifications 10.6% GB 3.7%
what does derelict mean
abandoned and dilapadated
what are the buildings like in Digbeth
surrounded by large derelict buildings whose manufacturing was important
industry was built there because of supply from River Rea and Grand Union canal
what is urban sprawl
expansion of urban areas into surrounding less populated sites
what is the housing situation in Birmingham where will new houses be built
2015 it was estimated 89,000 new houses were needed they only identified space for 51.000
green and brown fields
what is the issue with brownfield sites
unsightly and need expensive clearing, they are cheaper but lead to urban sprawl eg Dickens Heath
what are the land use demands on rural urban fringes
development of transport network
growth of residential developments
mix of leisure and retail
how does Birmingham City Council manage waste (3)
waste recycling centres
collection points for recycled materials
energy recovery facility - to convert rubbish to electricity
what are commuter settlements
towns where most residents work else where
what is the effect of commuter settlements on Birmingham
past 40 years people moved from city centre to suberbs and commuter settlements
what is the result of commuter settlements and give examples (3) (3)
increase number of people commuting to Birmingham for work puts pressure on transport networks congestion and pollution
Balsall Common has experienced a loss of community and character. it has become expensive for locals and there is a loss of greenbelt
where are the social and economic opportunities in Birmingham (8)
largest number of start ups outside of London
rated among the top cities in Europe
£13 billion investment in next 10 years
over 200 law firms, top accoutancy firms
50 property management services, banking and insurance specialists
5 major unis
most Michelean star restaurants
strong historical culture
one of greenest cities in Europe
how does Birmingham propose to improve transport
20 year plan to create intergrated transport system that will include
improved rail links
new tram network
better cycle and walkways
HS2
what is urban greening
maintain and create greenspaces in urban area
what is Birmingham City Council plan (8)
Birminghams green vision-
make city attractive
encourage business
encourage social interaction and health
tree planting
green roofs and walls
create parks and recreational spaces
encourage walking and cycling
create cool air pockets
