Paper 2 Urban Challenges in Uk

Question 1

how is uks population distributed

Answer 1

one of most urbanised countries in world
82% of population lives in a city- typical of HIC

Question 2

where is Birmingham

Answer 2

west midlands

Question 3

what is the population

Answer 3

3200peple /km2

Question 4

what is Birminghams importance in UK (5)

Answer 4

1 million residents produce combined economic outcome equal to 21 million Angolians - Africas richest country
New Street station busiest outside of London
has fastest growing economy outside of London
5 unis - most outside London
over 3000 companies based there including JLR BBc

Question 5

what is age of population

Answer 5

young city most proportion of under 25s in Europe 40% of population under 25

Question 6

where is the finacial business district

Answer 6

Colemore Row

Question 7

what is Birmingham’s global importance (4)

Answer 7

many direct air links
2016 over 35 million visited bringing £35 billion
2022 hosted commonwealth games
Birmingham airport continues to grow

Question 8

what has migration been like (5)

Answer 8

late 19th century Jews fleeing Russia
1930 Jews fleeing Germany
WW2 Polish refugees
after WW2 migration from commonwealth
since 2004 influx from EU

Question 9

what is religious mix

Answer 9

Christianity dominant followed by Islam central mosque is the biggest in Europe also large community of Sikhs and jews

Question 10

why is Birmingham attractive to migrants (5)

Answer 10

accessible from all of UK
strong growing economy
good investment in public services
established ethnic communities
cheap air fares

Question 11

what has the impact of migration been

Answer 11

city has rich cultural heritage and development of multicultural communities

Question 12

where is the evidence of multicultural communities

Answer 12

ethnic restaurants and cultural events

Question 13

7 challenges Birmingham faces

Answer 13

urban deprivation
inequality - housing, education, health, employment
dereliction
build on brownfield sites
waste disposal
urban sprawl
growth of commute settlements

Question 14

what is urban deprivation

Answer 14

having the quality life which is below what is acceptable in a particular country

Question 15

what is deprivation like in Birmingham (3)

Answer 15

high 43% live in LSOAs
51% of children live in most deprived areas
7th most deprived authority in England

Question 16

where is most deprivation in Birmingham

Answer 16

Hodgehill, Sparkbrook, Balsal Heath, Bordeslygreen

Question 17

How is deprivation measured in England

Answer 17

Multiple Deprivation Index eg income employment education health and crime

Question 18

what is the quality of life

Answer 18

it describes conditions in which people live - social conditions, healthcare, housing and environment

Question 19

how does Birmingham compare (4)

Answer 19

22% are income deprived -
15% unemployed
3rd highest for lack of attainment
5th highest risk of premature death

Question 20

what is it like in Sutton Coldfield (5)

Answer 20

8.4% of Birminghams population live there
only 11% from ethnic minorities
life expectancy is higher than national average
health - child obesity is lowest in Birmingham
economic - there is a large amount claiming a pension so population is older more falls

Question 21

what is Ladywood like

Answer 21

2nd most deprived area in the city
13% of the population live there
78% under 45
72% ethnic background (15% nationally)

Question 22

what did the 2017 housing report say

Answer 22

there are not enough affordable houses in the city
housing is slow to be developed
property values are rising especially in Ladywood

Question 23

who is moving into Ladywood

Answer 23

young professionals and investors

Question 24

what is education like in Ladywood

Answer 24

lower than Birmingham and National

Question 25

what are the health inequalities in Ladywood (3)

Answer 25

life expectancy is lower main cause of death is heart disease, lung cancer and alchoholic liver worst infant mortality rate in England child obesity is common

Question 26

what are the inequalities in economies

Answer 26

in Ladywood claiming out of work benefits 10.6% GB 3.7% no qualifications 10.6% GB 3.7%

Question 27

what does derelict mean

Answer 27

abandoned and dilapadated

Question 28

what are the buildings like in Digbeth

Answer 28

surrounded by large derelict buildings whose manufacturing was important industry was built there because of supply from River Rea and Grand Union canal

Question 29

what is urban sprawl

Answer 29

expansion of urban areas into surrounding less populated sites

Question 30

what is the housing situation in Birmingham where will new houses be built

Answer 30

2015 it was estimated 89,000 new houses were needed they only identified space for 51.000 green and brown fields

Question 31

what is the issue with brownfield sites

Answer 31

unsightly and need expensive clearing, they are cheaper but lead to urban sprawl eg Dickens Heath

Question 32

what are the land use demands on rural urban fringes

Answer 32

development of transport network growth of residential developments mix of leisure and retail

Question 33

how does Birmingham City Council manage waste (3)

Answer 33

waste recycling centres collection points for recycled materials energy recovery facility - to convert rubbish to electricity

Question 34

what are commuter settlements

Answer 34

towns where most residents work else where

Question 35

what is the effect of commuter settlements on Birmingham

Answer 35

past 40 years people moved from city centre to suberbs and commuter settlements

Question 36

what is the result of commuter settlements and give examples (3) (3)

Answer 36

increase number of people commuting to Birmingham for work puts pressure on transport networks congestion and pollution Balsall Common has experienced a loss of community and character. it has become expensive for locals and there is a loss of greenbelt

Question 37

where are the social and economic opportunities in Birmingham (8)

Answer 37

largest number of start ups outside of London rated among the top cities in Europe £13 billion investment in next 10 years over 200 law firms, top accoutancy firms 50 property management services, banking and insurance specialists 5 major unis most Michelean star restaurants strong historical culture one of greenest cities in Europe

Question 38

how does Birmingham propose to improve transport

Answer 38

20 year plan to create intergrated transport system that will include improved rail links new tram network better cycle and walkways HS2

Question 39

what is urban greening

Answer 39

maintain and create greenspaces in urban area

Question 40

what is Birmingham City Council plan (8)

Answer 40

Birminghams green vision- make city attractive encourage business encourage social interaction and health tree planting green roofs and walls create parks and recreational spaces encourage walking and cycling create cool air pockets