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GEOGRAPHY > Paper 2 Urban Challenges in Uk > Flashcards

Paper 2 Urban Challenges in Uk Flashcards

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1
Q

how is uks population distributed

A

one of most urbanised countries in world
82% of population lives in a city- typical of HIC

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2
Q

where is Birmingham

A

west midlands

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3
Q

what is the population

A

3200peple /km2

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4
Q

what is Birminghams importance in UK (5)

A

1 million residents produce combined economic outcome equal to 21 million Angolians - Africas richest country
New Street station busiest outside of London
has fastest growing economy outside of London
5 unis - most outside London
over 3000 companies based there including JLR BBc

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5
Q

what is age of population

A

young city most proportion of under 25s in Europe 40% of population under 25

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6
Q

where is the finacial business district

A

Colemore Row

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7
Q

what is Birmingham’s global importance (4)

A

many direct air links
2016 over 35 million visited bringing £35 billion
2022 hosted commonwealth games
Birmingham airport continues to grow

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8
Q

what has migration been like (5)

A

late 19th century Jews fleeing Russia
1930 Jews fleeing Germany
WW2 Polish refugees
after WW2 migration from commonwealth
since 2004 influx from EU

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9
Q

what is religious mix

A

Christianity dominant followed by Islam central mosque is the biggest in Europe also large community of Sikhs and jews

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10
Q

why is Birmingham attractive to migrants (5)

A

accessible from all of UK
strong growing economy
good investment in public services
established ethnic communities
cheap air fares

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11
Q

what has the impact of migration been

A

city has rich cultural heritage and development of multicultural communities

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12
Q

where is the evidence of multicultural communities

A

ethnic restaurants and cultural events

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13
Q

7 challenges Birmingham faces

A

urban deprivation
inequality - housing, education, health, employment
dereliction
build on brownfield sites
waste disposal
urban sprawl
growth of commute settlements

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14
Q

what is urban deprivation

A

having the quality life which is below what is acceptable in a particular country

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15
Q

what is deprivation like in Birmingham (3)

A

high 43% live in LSOAs
51% of children live in most deprived areas
7th most deprived authority in England

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16
Q

where is most deprivation in Birmingham

A

Hodgehill, Sparkbrook, Balsal Heath, Bordeslygreen

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17
Q

How is deprivation measured in England

A

Multiple Deprivation Index eg income employment education health and crime

18
Q

what is the quality of life

A

it describes conditions in which people live - social conditions, healthcare, housing and environment

19
Q

how does Birmingham compare (4)

A

22% are income deprived -
15% unemployed
3rd highest for lack of attainment
5th highest risk of premature death

20
Q

what is it like in Sutton Coldfield (5)

A

8.4% of Birminghams population live there
only 11% from ethnic minorities
life expectancy is higher than national average
health - child obesity is lowest in Birmingham
economic - there is a large amount claiming a pension so population is older more falls

21
Q

what is Ladywood like

A

2nd most deprived area in the city
13% of the population live there
78% under 45
72% ethnic background (15% nationally)

22
Q

what did the 2017 housing report say

A

there are not enough affordable houses in the city
housing is slow to be developed
property values are rising especially in Ladywood

23
Q

who is moving into Ladywood

A

young professionals and investors

24
Q

what is education like in Ladywood

A

lower than Birmingham and National

25
Q

what are the health inequalities in Ladywood (3)

A

life expectancy is lower main cause of death is heart disease, lung cancer and alchoholic liver
worst infant mortality rate in England
child obesity is common

26
Q

what are the inequalities in economies

A

in Ladywood claiming out of work benefits 10.6% GB 3.7%
no qualifications 10.6% GB 3.7%

27
Q

what does derelict mean

A

abandoned and dilapadated

28
Q

what are the buildings like in Digbeth

A

surrounded by large derelict buildings whose manufacturing was important
industry was built there because of supply from River Rea and Grand Union canal

29
Q

what is urban sprawl

A

expansion of urban areas into surrounding less populated sites

30
Q

what is the housing situation in Birmingham where will new houses be built

A

2015 it was estimated 89,000 new houses were needed they only identified space for 51.000
green and brown fields

31
Q

what is the issue with brownfield sites

A

unsightly and need expensive clearing, they are cheaper but lead to urban sprawl eg Dickens Heath

32
Q

what are the land use demands on rural urban fringes

A

development of transport network
growth of residential developments
mix of leisure and retail

33
Q

how does Birmingham City Council manage waste (3)

A

waste recycling centres
collection points for recycled materials
energy recovery facility - to convert rubbish to electricity

34
Q

what are commuter settlements

A

towns where most residents work else where

35
Q

what is the effect of commuter settlements on Birmingham

A

past 40 years people moved from city centre to suberbs and commuter settlements

36
Q

what is the result of commuter settlements and give examples (3) (3)

A

increase number of people commuting to Birmingham for work puts pressure on transport networks congestion and pollution
Balsall Common has experienced a loss of community and character. it has become expensive for locals and there is a loss of greenbelt

37
Q

where are the social and economic opportunities in Birmingham (8)

A

largest number of start ups outside of London
rated among the top cities in Europe
£13 billion investment in next 10 years
over 200 law firms, top accoutancy firms
50 property management services, banking and insurance specialists
5 major unis
most Michelean star restaurants
strong historical culture
one of greenest cities in Europe

38
Q

how does Birmingham propose to improve transport

A

20 year plan to create intergrated transport system that will include
improved rail links
new tram network
better cycle and walkways
HS2

39
Q

what is urban greening

A

maintain and create greenspaces in urban area

40
Q

what is Birmingham City Council plan (8)

A

Birminghams green vision-

make city attractive
encourage business
encourage social interaction and health
tree planting
green roofs and walls
create parks and recreational spaces
encourage walking and cycling
create cool air pockets

GEOGRAPHY (25 decks)

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