Birmingham CBD regeneration Flashcards
what was the aim of the study
to investigate the extent to which birminghams big city plan has changed the cbd in a positive way
what is the name of the study
what impact has the birmingham big city plan had on CBD
What is the definition of the word impact in the title
effect of an action on someone or something eg ecconomic social or environmental effects
what was the big city plan
also known as city centre master plan
sets out how the city centre would be improved over the next 20 years
when was Big City Plan launched
29th September 2010
How was the Big city plan going to improve city centre
1 the plan identified 5 key areas of development potentially worth £10 billion
2 newstreet station/grand central- comercial facilities, improved links to surrounding areas, improved physical environment
3 westside/library, paradise Circus, new 4star hotel
4 snowhill district- new offices , improved pubic transport and public spaces 400 new homes 10.000 jobs created
5 eastside- Where HS2 station will be built , development of BC uni, recreational facilities, 2000 new homes, 30,000 jobs
6 southern gateway- develop retail markets, 1000 new homes, city centre parks and walkways, leisure recreational facilities, 3000 jobs
what does CBD stand for
central businesss district
what are the typical characterisitcs of CBD (7)
usually oldest part of the city
has high land value
limited space
tall buildings
excellent accessibility
dominated by offices and shops
usually large department stores which can afford high rents
what 3 theories must all investigations be based up on
burgess concentric ring model
bid rent theory
urban regeneration
explain the burgess concentric ring model
1 the theory that the city is separated into different zones with clear socio ecconomic differences.
2 In the centre of town or city the land value is highest
3 leading to high rise, high density buildings in CBD
4 low density, less developments are on the edge of the town or city
what does the bid rent theory show
1 it shows how land value declines with the distance from CBD (distance decay-only certain land uses are found her)
2 Nearer to CBD higher the land value because of competition for prime site where there is excellent accessability but limited space which forces value up
what is urban regeneration
1 reviving old parts of a built up area
2 either installing modern facilities on old buildings (renewal)
3 or redeveloping (demolishing old buildings and starting again)
what is the aim of urban regeneration
1improve area in ecconomic social and environmental terms
2 government money is used to attract private investment in the area
which 4 sites of CBD have already been regenerated
Brindly Place
Mail Box
Library
Grand Central
6 advantages of carrying out field work in 4 sites across Birmingham
1 easy to access - lots of public transport
could week between sites at ground level
2 4 sites gave a range of survey points with enough variation to show change over distance
3 Large areas of Birmingham are pedestonised so safe and easy to walk around
4 few risks when visiting 4 sites able to stay in 1 group away from busy roads
5 regeneration at all 4 sites was completed so we could compare before and after regeneratiom
name 6 risks of the study
traffic accidents
slips trips falls
poor lighting
getting lost
anti social behaviour
weather
for each of the 6 risks state level of risk who is at risk and the control measure
traffic accidents - low - teacher and pupils - cross at designated crossing walk on pavements
slip trip fall - teacher pupils- wear appropriate clothing and footware, take first aid kit, adults identify safe areas to walk
poor lighting - low - teacher and pupils - keep to well lit areas and do study in day,
getting lost - low - pupils and staff - stay as a group , know route before hand, have school mobile , keep to pedestrain areas
anti social behaviour - low - pupils and staff - stay in group, only question public in pairs, be polite and walk away from potential risk
weather - low- teachers and pupils - wear appropriate footware and clothing, use cun cream, wear hat drink plenty
what is primary data
collect yourself
what is secondary data
collected by someone else
what is quantitive date
numbers
what is qualitative data
words
catergorise each data type
1 decay and regeneration assessments survey for each site - primary qualitative
2 photographs of each site - secondary and qualititive
3 questionnaires - primary quanitive and qualititive
4 weather forcasts - seconday, quantitive
5 bi polar survey - primary, qualititive
6 census - secondary, quantitive
7 OS maps - secondary and qualitative
why was stratified sampling used to select the sites
1a deliberate decision was made to select
2 the site which had already been regenerated
3 so the situation before and after could be compared and success assessed
list 3 data collection techniques used
1 decay and regeneration assessment surveys
2 bi polar survey of environmental quality
3 questionnaire on peoples perceptions of regeneration of Birmingham CBD
describe how to collect data using decay and regeneration assessment surveys
what type of sampling is used
and why use this technique
walk around each site observe evidence . conduct decay survey using ranking 1-4 the lower the score the higher the decay. apply bi polar analysis
stratified sampling
to discover the amount of decay and regeneration. It allows easy comparison. Data collected can be analysed it is a simple technique not expensive or time consuming
describe how to collect data using bi polar survey of environmental quality
what type of sampling is used
and why this technique is used
1 walk around each site and observe. 2 opposite statements are scored from scale -2 to +2 the higher the score the better
2 stratified sampling
3 used to discover the environmental quality of each site.
4 It allows comparison between 4 sites data can be easily collected and analysed. not expensive or time consuming
describe how to collect data using questionnaires about peoples perceptions of the regeneration of Birmingham CBD
what type of sampling is used
why is this technique used
stand in a busy area and ask 10 random people to complete the questionnaire. no leading questions only closed
stratified sampling
enables comparison the sample is random quick easy and inexpensive
what makes a good questionnaire
1 it should achieve research aims
2 provide accurate information
3 easy and simple to complete
4 allows useful interpretation and analysis
5 closed questions for for quantitive data open for qualitive
6 don’t ask leading questions
how reliable and useful was OS land use map of birmingham as a source of secondary data
1 we used bing website as it had a scale on the bottom right google maps does not have a scale
2 used street finder on bing to give full image and we can see changes that have gone on over time
3 we could locate specific areas using a postcode
4 maps can be screen shot downloaded and printed
can zoom in and out
5 can locate the 4 sites and find safe routes between them
how reliable and useful was census data for birmingham as a source of secondary data
1 provides socio ecconomic and demographic data for local population age gender ethnicity and health of population
2 can assess urban problems which exist - unemployment housing shortage, poverty and migration
3 can compare previous census info
4 assess if regeneration has been successful
5 the data can become innaccurate or out of date as only carried out every 10 years.
which methods of data presentation did you use
regeneration index line graph
pie chart for questionnaire responses
decay index survey
environmental
describe the method for regeneration index line graph
1 visit 4 sites and record my opinion on regeneration of each area
2 using recording table i drew a line for site 1 (mailbox) by plotting and joining up the scores of each indictor 1 = good 4= poor
3 i repeated for other 3 sites - each line in a different colour
4 i calculated the sum of all the scores for each site and converted to a %and put on a graph. The lower the % the more positive the view on regeneration
this helped me come up with a clear assessment of my results and consider how successsful regeneration in Birmingham has been
.5 I used secondary data to support my findings
what were the advantages of data analysis technique regeneration index line graph
patterns and trends can be easily identified
anomolies can be seen
easy to compare sites
quick and simple to complete
what did the overall analysis and conclusion of regeneration index graph show
BEST
Library 31% - good access, excellent social interaction, safe places to meet
Grand Central 50% success in all 4 areas
Brindly Place 56% - success in all 4 areas
Mailbox 63% good social interaction but difficult to get to if no car and shops expensive
WORST
regeneration index suggests birminghams big city plan has brought improvement to CBD but maintainence at all 4 sites needs to continueto ensure it remains attractive to businesses and for future potential development
what did the overall analysis and conclusion of regeneration index graph show
BEST
Library 31% - good access, excellent social interaction, safe places to meet
Grand Central 50% success in all 4 areas
Brindly Place 56% - success in all 4 areas
Mailbox 63% good social interaction but difficult to get to if no car and shops expensive
WORST
regeneration index suggests birminghams big city plan has brought improvement to CBD but maintainence at all 4 sites needs to continue to ensure it remains attractive to businesses and for future potential development
what were results of questionnaire
supported regeneration index results
87% of participants thought regeneration was a success, in particular pedestrianisation, landscaping in Brindly Place adn design of grand central and library were successes
what were the results of quality survey
library best 75% grand central worst 38% because of traffic congestion creating air and noise pollution
how do your results link to theory
1 my results support the burgess concentric ring model and bid rent theory .
2 the CBD had certain characterisitcs compared to other parts of Birmingham .
3 High land values attracted certain investors who could afford to locate there Biggest Primark in Europe Selfridges John Lewis
other high profile business are moving there showing regeneration is succeeding
4 gentrification can be seen former warehouses being converted to luxury apartments in Brindly Place
Outline potential problems with decay and environmental surveys and how they could have impacted
1 place completed represented - only completed surveys at 4 sites - might be unrepresentative and lead to innacruate results and misleading conclusions
2 time of day - litter is worse after lunch and better after street cleaning - not representitive
3 biased opinions - subjective as it relies on personal view can give biased conclusion
4 weather conditions - sunnier conditions can lead to more positive view
outline potential problems with questionnaires and how they can impact
1 people asked - only 10 people asked at each site - may not be representitive of population certain age gender group may be underrepresented giving misleading conclusion
2 questions useful - some questions may not be clear and are misunderstood - creates innacuracies when assessing perceptions
3 time of day - a lot of people at work during the morning limiting the sample so some groups under represneted
4 some people did not want to be questioned and some difficult to hear or understand - inaccurate recording
outline 1 other methods of data collection
1 traffic and noise pollution survey
2 complete a traffic survey on all 4 sites to show impact of congestion on CBD regeneration
3 count vehicles passing during 10 minute period and record on tally
4 i would investigate how successful attempts to improve traffic flow by creating one way streets and extending tram routes have been at improving environmental quality across CBD
5 complete noise survey to show impact of congestion around CBD
6 i would download noise decibels app on phone and hold it up for 2 mins at each site
7 both surveys would be done on different days at different times to increase sample and reduce risk of results beiging fluke
8 i would combine the data with urban decay regeneration environmental surveys and questionnaires to add further evidence to weather big city plan has been successful
how would you improve your enquiry
1 sample size - increase number of sites where data was collected and complete surveys at different times of day and year and take an average
2 questionnaires - use stratified sampling to ensure wider range of respondents in different age gender and ethnic groups to give more accurate representation of population and increase sample size by increasing the number of respondents
3 weather - ensure survey and questionnaires are completed in a variety of conditions giving more accurate picture
4 photographs - taken to support findings for decay and environmental quality surveys
5 use further reserch surveys - traffic and noise pollution
why did Birmingham need regenerating
1 poor infastructure - old victorian buildings and roads
derelict buildings
2 deindustrialised- high unemployment
3 regeneration of Bullring and Gas Street Basin has improved environment but not replaced manufacturing jobs
5shops in centre face increased competition from out of town shopping centres
what were the aims of BCP
to increase size of city core by 25%
to improve transport connectivity through city centre
what did BCP identify
how city population will grow providing 5000 new homes and 50,000 new jobs
which parts of the plan have already been completed
£600 million redevelopment of New Street
new library
eastside city park - first city park since Victorian times
