Paper 2 resources in the UK Flashcards

1
Q

how has demand for food in UK changed

A

before supermarkets most food was seasonal and from UK or preserved
Now food is from around the world even seasonal fruit is imported as grown cheaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how has increase in demand for nonseasonal products had an impact on LICs in a negative way (3)

A

less land available for locals to grow their own food
often crops need lots of water where the supply is unreliable
people growing crops are exposed to chemicals without protective clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how has increase in demand for nonseasonal products had an impact on LICs in a positive way

A

jobs created
wages=tax paid government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is organic farming

A

farming which does not use chemicals pesticides and fertilisers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why has demand for organic products risen

A

to protect environment by using natural preditors to control pests
people are concerned about effects on health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is organic farming thought to be more healthy

A

farmers maintain good soil using crop rotation and natural fertilisers
weeds are controlled mechanically
animals are farmed without antibiotics and growth hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how has demand for organic produce changed and why

A

demand began to rise in 90s when people were worried about health demand fell between 2009-2011 due to global recession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are food miles

A

distance food travels from producer to consumer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a carbon footprint

A

a measure of impact of human activity on environmnet in terms of greenhouse gases they produce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does importing food increase uk carbon footprint

A

transport used to import food into uk adds CO2 into atmosphere and increases carbon footprint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is transport of food the biggest increase in foods carbon footprint

A

no CO2 produced when food is grown and harvested emissions caused by producing food in uk is sometimes bigger than transporting from overseas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why do we need to reduce food flown into the UK

A

to reduce carbon emmissions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how can we do this (5)

A

eat seasonal products grown in uk
limit imported foods to only ones you cant grow
limited food transported by air
eat locally produced food
grow food at home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is agribusiness

A

treating food produced on farms like a business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is this done (4)

A

increase the size of the farm by
removing hedgerow
combine smaller farms
use modern production methods
increase mechanisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the causes of water pollution (8)

A

chemicals from farming run off farmland
hot water from cooling processes is pumped into rivers
rubbish is dumped
pollution from boats
untreated waste from industry
runoff from roads and motorways
people putting waste items and engine oil
pumping sewage in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does water pollution effect the UK (7)

A

1 toxic waste poisons wildlife and can transfer to humans
2 drinking water can be poisonous
3 increased water temperature leads to death of wildlife
4 increase in fertilisers can increase nutrients in water, spreading up growth of algea so not enough O2 in water so wildlife die
5 pesticides can kill parts of the ecosystem
6 microbacteria in sewage can spread disease
7 people whose livlihoods depend on cleanwater may suffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is water quality in the UK managed (6)

A

legislation - strict laws for factories and farms
better treatment plants
pollution traps
greenroofs and walls
education campaigns to inform public about the damage
waster water treatment plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is the demand for energy changing and why

A

we are using less energy becasue of the decline of heavy industry but there is an increase in the amount used fore transport as there are more cars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the reduction in domestic energy explained by (3)

A

1 new energy efficiency devices
2 increase public awareness
3 increase in energy costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the UKs energy mix

A

different energy used - coal, gas, nuclear, renewable

22
Q

name 3 fossil fuels

A

coal, oil, gas

23
Q

why are fossil fuels non renewable

A

they take so long to replace

24
Q

what can fossil fuels be used for

A

produce heat, electricity, power, vehicles and machinery

25
what is the disadvantage of fossil fuels
release CO2 into atmosphere
26
what is nuclear energy
uses uranium to produce heat in a nuclear reactor can drive a turbine to make electricity
27
why is nuclear non renewable
because there is a limited supply of uranium
28
what is renewable energy
sources that will not run out
29
give examples of renewable energy
sun. wind, tide, geothermic, heat, methane
30
what is the main problem with renewable energy
the cost of technology is expensive
31
what is the main advantage of renewable energy
non polluting
32
how is UKs energy mix changing
increasing reliance on imported fossil fuels
33
why is there increasing reliance on imported fossil fuels
the production of coal, oil, and gas declined policies were introduce which effect the mix and encourage investment in renewable energy
34
what are the economic challenges for fossil fuels
coal os hard to reach and expensive to mine
35
what are the economic challenges for fossil fuels (4)
coal is hard to reach and expensive to mine coal has now to be imported mining caused environmental problems which were expensive to fix miners often suffered diseases from their job which cost the health service
36
what are the economic challenges for nuclear fuels
cost of building power stations cost to state and transport the waste
37
what are the economic challenges for renewables
high set up costs impact of visual environment impacts on tourism low profit
38
what are the economic opportunities for fossil fuels
creates jobs
39
what are the economic opportunities for nuclear fuels
create jobs and energy is generated more cheaply
40
what are the economic opportunities for renewables
create jobs
41
what are the environmental challenges of fossil fuels (4)
creates green house gasses waste heaps create visual pollution open cast mines create dust noise and disturb wild life access roads destroy habitats
42
what are environmental challenges of nuclear fuels (2)
waste must be stored for years dangerous if an accident occurs
43
what are environmental challenges of renewables
windturbines effect bird migration patterns they are ugly and noisy block signals
44
what are the environmental opportunities of fossil fuels
carbon capture is efficient
45
what are the environmental opportunities of nuclear fuels
clean and less polluting
46
what are the environmental opportunities of renewable fuels
low carbon, can support farmers, can create habitats
47
what is fraking
method to extract gas trapped in rocks below ground
48
how is it done
a hole is drilled in to rock and sand and water and chemicals is poured in at high pressure which splits the rock and releases gasses
49
what are the challenges of fracking
leads to pollution of water needs lots of water so impacts on local supply linked to low level earthquakes
50
what are the positives of fraking
bring economic benefits in form of revenue and jobs