Paper 2 resources in the UK Flashcards
how has demand for food in UK changed
before supermarkets most food was seasonal and from UK or preserved
Now food is from around the world even seasonal fruit is imported as grown cheaper
how has increase in demand for nonseasonal products had an impact on LICs in a negative way (3)
less land available for locals to grow their own food
often crops need lots of water where the supply is unreliable
people growing crops are exposed to chemicals without protective clothing
how has increase in demand for nonseasonal products had an impact on LICs in a positive way
jobs created
wages=tax paid government
what is organic farming
farming which does not use chemicals pesticides and fertilisers
why has demand for organic products risen
to protect environment by using natural preditors to control pests
people are concerned about effects on health
why is organic farming thought to be more healthy
farmers maintain good soil using crop rotation and natural fertilisers
weeds are controlled mechanically
animals are farmed without antibiotics and growth hormones
how has demand for organic produce changed and why
demand began to rise in 90s when people were worried about health demand fell between 2009-2011 due to global recession
what are food miles
distance food travels from producer to consumer
what is a carbon footprint
a measure of impact of human activity on environmnet in terms of greenhouse gases they produce
how does importing food increase uk carbon footprint
transport used to import food into uk adds CO2 into atmosphere and increases carbon footprint
is transport of food the biggest increase in foods carbon footprint
no CO2 produced when food is grown and harvested emissions caused by producing food in uk is sometimes bigger than transporting from overseas
why do we need to reduce food flown into the UK
to reduce carbon emmissions
how can we do this (5)
eat seasonal products grown in uk
limit imported foods to only ones you cant grow
limited food transported by air
eat locally produced food
grow food at home
what is agribusiness
treating food produced on farms like a business
how is this done (4)
increase the size of the farm by
removing hedgerow
combine smaller farms
use modern production methods
increase mechanisation
what are the causes of water pollution (8)
chemicals from farming run off farmland
hot water from cooling processes is pumped into rivers
rubbish is dumped
pollution from boats
untreated waste from industry
runoff from roads and motorways
people putting waste items and engine oil
pumping sewage in
how does water pollution effect the UK (7)
1 toxic waste poisons wildlife and can transfer to humans
2 drinking water can be poisonous
3 increased water temperature leads to death of wildlife
4 increase in fertilisers can increase nutrients in water, spreading up growth of algea so not enough O2 in water so wildlife die
5 pesticides can kill parts of the ecosystem
6 microbacteria in sewage can spread disease
7 people whose livlihoods depend on cleanwater may suffer
how is water quality in the UK managed (6)
legislation - strict laws for factories and farms
better treatment plants
pollution traps
greenroofs and walls
education campaigns to inform public about the damage
waster water treatment plants
how is the demand for energy changing and why
we are using less energy becasue of the decline of heavy industry but there is an increase in the amount used fore transport as there are more cars
what is the reduction in domestic energy explained by (3)
1 new energy efficiency devices
2 increase public awareness
3 increase in energy costs
what is the UKs energy mix
different energy used - coal, gas, nuclear, renewable
name 3 fossil fuels
coal, oil, gas
why are fossil fuels non renewable
they take so long to replace
what can fossil fuels be used for
produce heat, electricity, power, vehicles and machinery
what is the disadvantage of fossil fuels
release CO2 into atmosphere
what is nuclear energy
uses uranium to produce heat in a nuclear reactor can drive a turbine to make electricity
why is nuclear non renewable
because there is a limited supply of uranium
what is renewable energy
sources that will not run out
give examples of renewable energy
sun. wind, tide, geothermic, heat, methane
what is the main problem with renewable energy
the cost of technology is expensive
what is the main advantage of renewable energy
non polluting
how is UKs energy mix changing
increasing reliance on imported fossil fuels
why is there increasing reliance on imported fossil fuels
the production of coal, oil, and gas declined policies were introduce which effect the mix and encourage investment in renewable energy
what are the economic challenges for fossil fuels
coal os hard to reach and expensive to mine
what are the economic challenges for fossil fuels (4)
coal is hard to reach and expensive to mine
coal has now to be imported
mining caused environmental problems which were expensive to fix
miners often suffered diseases from their job which cost the health service
what are the economic challenges for nuclear fuels
cost of building power stations
cost to state and transport the waste
what are the economic challenges for renewables
high set up costs
impact of visual environment impacts on tourism
low profit
what are the economic opportunities for fossil fuels
creates jobs
what are the economic opportunities for nuclear fuels
create jobs and energy is generated more cheaply
what are the economic opportunities for renewables
create jobs
what are the environmental challenges of fossil fuels (4)
creates green house gasses
waste heaps create visual pollution
open cast mines create dust noise and disturb wild life
access roads destroy habitats
what are environmental challenges of nuclear fuels (2)
waste must be stored for years
dangerous if an accident occurs
what are environmental challenges of renewables
windturbines effect bird migration patterns
they are ugly and noisy
block signals
what are the environmental opportunities of fossil fuels
carbon capture is efficient
what are the environmental opportunities of nuclear fuels
clean and less polluting
what are the environmental opportunities of renewable fuels
low carbon, can support farmers, can create habitats
what is fraking
method to extract gas trapped in rocks below ground
how is it done
a hole is drilled in to rock and sand and water and chemicals is poured in at high pressure which splits the rock and releases gasses
what are the challenges of fracking
leads to pollution of water
needs lots of water so impacts on local supply
linked to low level earthquakes
what are the positives of fraking
bring economic benefits in form of revenue and jobs
