paper 2 economic development in Nigeria

Question 1

how has Nigerias economy changed (3)

Answer 1

LIC to a NEE - fastest growing economy in the world predicted to be inthe top 20 in the world by 2050

Question 2

why is the population growing

Answer 2

high proportion of young and high birth rate so high natural increase

Question 3

What are BRIC economies

Answer 3

4 countries in the world with fastest growing economies
Brazil Russia India China

Question 4

What are MINT economies

Answer 4

4 countries just behind BRIT
Mexico Indonesia Nigeria Turkey

Question 5

what are the reasons for Nigerias economic growth (2)

Answer 5

young population
high proportion of young educated people who provide skilled labour

Question 6

what is Nigeria’s cultural make up

Answer 6

400 ethnic groups each with own language

south mostly christian
north muslim

Question 7

what is environment like

Answer 7

5-12 degrees north of equator in Afria
tropical rainforest hot humid climate
most natural vegitation replaced by agriculture

Question 8

what is political context (4)

Answer 8

since independence in 1960 it has had many civil wars and many military dictatorships
has stable democracy today - regular elections
still conflict in the north - an incident in 2014 276 schoolgirls were kidnapped by those who opposed education for girls

Question 9

how is Nigerias economy changing (2)

Answer 9

has largest economy in Africa among fastest growing in the world
2011 GDP more than doubled because before they could not count new industries

Question 10

how does this economic growth impact on the people (2)

Answer 10

most are still poor
there are regional inequalities most wealth in south around Lagos more poverty in North

Question 11

how is nigeria’s industrial structure changing

Answer 11

changing from mainly agricultural economy to industrial because of urbanisation

Question 12

what is the importance of oil and manufacturing in Nigeria’s economy

Answer 12

oil and gass account for 14% of Nigeria’s GDP and 95% of export earnings

Question 13

what has oil income helped Nigeria to do

Answer 13

go from LIC to NEE

Question 14

what is the disadvantage of this reliance on oil

Answer 14

vulnerable when world oil prices change - when they fall economy will be damaged

Question 15

what is the impact of new manufacturing industries (4)

Answer 15

1 improving standards of living by producing products
2 reducing the need to import so goods are cheaper to buy
3 create jobs for people who will pay tax
4 expand into other countries and increase Nigeria’s influence

Question 16

give an example of a new manufacturing industry in nigeria

Answer 16

Dangote Cement - 3 giant cement plants in Nigeria because of urbanisation cement is in high demand. Dangote has expanded into 13 other African countries

Question 17

what is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria oil industry

Answer 17

oil is located in niger delta- industry boomed in 70s and depended on money from large transnational companies in europe and USA

Question 18

what did transnational companies do

Answer 18

erected drilling equipment platforms on oil and gas fields around the delta linked by pipelines - oil shifted to US and Europe

Question 19

what is the environmental impact of oil in nigeria (4)

Answer 19

1 oil spills from leaking pipelines damage farmland so no crops grow
2 gas flares are used to burn off gas from oil they effect peoples health and contribute towards global warming
3 oil heated by the sun becomes highly flameable
4 oil pollution in sea kills fish

Question 20

how has nigeria tried to keep control over oil industry

Answer 20

government set up Nigerion National Petroleum Corporation

Question 21

what are the advantages of transnational companies (6)

Answer 21

1 bring new investment into the economy
2 provide jobs often higher wages
3 bring expertise and new skills into the country
4 bring access to world markets
5 provide new technology
6 help economic development

Question 22

what are the disadvantages of transnational companies (5)

Answer 22

1 take profit out of the country to pay share holders
2 wages in LICs and Nees usually lower than HICs
3 can cause environmental damage and use up resources
4 can withdraw their investment at any point
5 can put pressure on and influence governement

Question 23

what relationship did Nigeria have with Britain (4)

Answer 23

1 trading relationship between Britain and W Africa for over 300 years
2 1650 Briton tool slaves from Africa to America
3 after abolition Britain traded palm oil with W Africa
4 19th century Africa became part of the empire and established trade which continued after independence

Question 24

how are Nigeria’s trading relationships changing

Answer 24

still trade with Uk also with USA and China India and other Europeans
Oil is main export imports machinery, computers, chemical, and transport equipment

Question 25

what influence does China have on Nigeria’s economy

Answer 25

China is main import partner and invests heavily

Question 26

how do both China and Nigeria benefit from China’s investment

Answer 26

China brings expertise in constructing transport and power infastructure
China needs resources that it can not produce - Nigeria has these resources - oil

Question 27

What is international aid and give examples

Answer 27

help given by one country to another - money technology food advice

Question 28

what is part of the millenium development goal

Answer 28

to eradicate poverty by 2015

Question 29

how was this to be achieved

Answer 29

HIC commit 0.7% of their GDP as aid

Question 30

When di UK achieve this goal

Answer 30

2013

Question 31

how did international aid project funded by world bank help Nigeria

Answer 31

provided 60 million mosquito nets £2 each In Nigeria has one of the highest death rates from Malaria in the world

Question 32

2 types of international aid

Answer 32

official development assistance given by government out of taxes
voluntary aid given by individual companies and distributed through charities

Question 33

how did Nigeria get into and out of debt

Answer 33

they were unable to cut debt without cutting essential funding (have life or death impacts)
They could not keep up with interest payments so debt increased
world leaders in richest countries agreed to debt relief for poor countries and debt was cancelled

Question 34

does Nigeria still need aid (4)

Answer 34

1 economy is growing and gone from LIC to NEE
2 UK gives £300 million a year
3 Nigeria funds its own space programme - this is to invest in weather stations which will improve food production
4 60% of population still live in poverty

Question 35

how is quality of life measured

Answer 35

using human development index

Question 36

which 3 aspects does HDI use

Answer 36

life expectancy - measures health
years of schooling measures education
gross national income - measures wealth

Question 37

how has quality of life in Nigeria improved

Answer 37

ranked 152 out of 187 by its HDI which is low for human development but since 1980 improvements seen in life expectancy and years of schooling and GNI

Question 38

why do economic migrants risk their lives to leave Nigeria (2)

Answer 38

want to earn more money in Europe and send it home to support families
and one day return to Nigeria to have a good life with the money earned