paper 2 economic development in Nigeria Flashcards
how has Nigerias economy changed (3)
LIC to a NEE - fastest growing economy in the world predicted to be inthe top 20 in the world by 2050
why is the population growing
high proportion of young and high birth rate so high natural increase
What are BRIC economies
4 countries in the world with fastest growing economies
Brazil Russia India China
What are MINT economies
4 countries just behind BRIT
Mexico Indonesia Nigeria Turkey
what are the reasons for Nigerias economic growth (2)
young population
high proportion of young educated people who provide skilled labour
what is Nigeria’s cultural make up
400 ethnic groups each with own language
south mostly christian
north muslim
what is environment like
5-12 degrees north of equator in Afria
tropical rainforest hot humid climate
most natural vegitation replaced by agriculture
what is political context (4)
since independence in 1960 it has had many civil wars and many military dictatorships
has stable democracy today - regular elections
still conflict in the north - an incident in 2014 276 schoolgirls were kidnapped by those who opposed education for girls
how is Nigerias economy changing (2)
has largest economy in Africa among fastest growing in the world
2011 GDP more than doubled because before they could not count new industries
how does this economic growth impact on the people (2)
most are still poor
there are regional inequalities most wealth in south around Lagos more poverty in North
how is nigeria’s industrial structure changing
changing from mainly agricultural economy to industrial because of urbanisation
what is the importance of oil and manufacturing in Nigeria’s economy
oil and gass account for 14% of Nigeria’s GDP and 95% of export earnings
what has oil income helped Nigeria to do
go from LIC to NEE
what is the disadvantage of this reliance on oil
vulnerable when world oil prices change - when they fall economy will be damaged
what is the impact of new manufacturing industries (4)
1 improving standards of living by producing products
2 reducing the need to import so goods are cheaper to buy
3 create jobs for people who will pay tax
4 expand into other countries and increase Nigeria’s influence
give an example of a new manufacturing industry in nigeria
Dangote Cement - 3 giant cement plants in Nigeria because of urbanisation cement is in high demand. Dangote has expanded into 13 other African countries
what is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria oil industry
oil is located in niger delta- industry boomed in 70s and depended on money from large transnational companies in europe and USA
what did transnational companies do
erected drilling equipment platforms on oil and gas fields around the delta linked by pipelines - oil shifted to US and Europe
what is the environmental impact of oil in nigeria (4)
1 oil spills from leaking pipelines damage farmland so no crops grow
2 gas flares are used to burn off gas from oil they effect peoples health and contribute towards global warming
3 oil heated by the sun becomes highly flameable
4 oil pollution in sea kills fish
how has nigeria tried to keep control over oil industry
government set up Nigerion National Petroleum Corporation
what are the advantages of transnational companies (6)
1 bring new investment into the economy
2 provide jobs often higher wages
3 bring expertise and new skills into the country
4 bring access to world markets
5 provide new technology
6 help economic development
what are the disadvantages of transnational companies (5)
1 take profit out of the country to pay share holders
2 wages in LICs and Nees usually lower than HICs
3 can cause environmental damage and use up resources
4 can withdraw their investment at any point
5 can put pressure on and influence governement
what relationship did Nigeria have with Britain (4)
1 trading relationship between Britain and W Africa for over 300 years
2 1650 Briton tool slaves from Africa to America
3 after abolition Britain traded palm oil with W Africa
4 19th century Africa became part of the empire and established trade which continued after independence
how are Nigeria’s trading relationships changing
still trade with Uk also with USA and China India and other Europeans
Oil is main export imports machinery, computers, chemical, and transport equipment
what influence does China have on Nigeria’s economy
China is main import partner and invests heavily
how do both China and Nigeria benefit from China’s investment
China brings expertise in constructing transport and power infastructure
China needs resources that it can not produce - Nigeria has these resources - oil
What is international aid and give examples
help given by one country to another - money technology food advice
what is part of the millenium development goal
to eradicate poverty by 2015
how was this to be achieved
HIC commit 0.7% of their GDP as aid
When di UK achieve this goal
2013
how did international aid project funded by world bank help Nigeria
provided 60 million mosquito nets £2 each In Nigeria has one of the highest death rates from Malaria in the world
2 types of international aid
official development assistance given by government out of taxes
voluntary aid given by individual companies and distributed through charities
how did Nigeria get into and out of debt
they were unable to cut debt without cutting essential funding (have life or death impacts)
They could not keep up with interest payments so debt increased
world leaders in richest countries agreed to debt relief for poor countries and debt was cancelled
does Nigeria still need aid (4)
1 economy is growing and gone from LIC to NEE
2 UK gives £300 million a year
3 Nigeria funds its own space programme - this is to invest in weather stations which will improve food production
4 60% of population still live in poverty
how is quality of life measured
using human development index
which 3 aspects does HDI use
life expectancy - measures health
years of schooling measures education
gross national income - measures wealth
how has quality of life in Nigeria improved
ranked 152 out of 187 by its HDI which is low for human development but since 1980 improvements seen in life expectancy and years of schooling and GNI
why do economic migrants risk their lives to leave Nigeria (2)
want to earn more money in Europe and send it home to support families
and one day return to Nigeria to have a good life with the money earned
