Paper 2 (UK): Topic 5 – UK’s Evolving Human Landscape. EQ1 - 5.2-UK is changing Flashcards
How have migration levels changed in the UK from 1975
UK immigration policy has increased diversity.
After the Second World War, the UK encouraged immigration from Commonwealth countries, e.g. the Caribbean, India and Pakistan, to fill skills shortages in the UK workforce.
Later, entry was restricted but work permits for migrants with desirable skills, e.g. IT, were made available – many highly skilled Indians and Pakistanis still come to the UK.
This has meant that the UK has a high proportion of people of Caribbean and Asian ethnicity– nearly 10%. This is much higher in some regions, e.g. 29% of the population of Leicester are of Indian heritage.
Since 1995 the EU has allowed free movement of people within member countries to find work – this increased the number of people migrating to the UK from Europe, e.g. from Germany.
In 2004 eight new countries joined the EU. Lots of people moved from these countries, e.g. Poland and Hungary, to find jobs in the UK. This was mainly in low skilled jobs, e.g. catering and agriculture.
Between 2001 and 2011, the proportion of non-British white people increased more than any ethnic group – Polish people are now one of the largest non-UK born groups.
International immigration has increased cultural diversity – immigrants introduced languages, food, arts, festivals and fashion from their own culture giving the UK a rich mix.
How has migration changed the population distribution in the UK
Population distribution in the UK is also uneven. Some parts of the UK are very crowded. The south east, which includes the city of London, has a much greater population than the highlands of Scotland meaning that more people are moving to London. Also it could mean that more people are going into the same cultural city e.g. Indians going into Leicester. It could mean that the UK has lots of jobs available so people can get income and profit-increasing population density. Young people come from different countries to study/get a good job meaning that there is a lot of immigration involved and the city is getting busier every day.
What age of people most migrate and how does this affect population
The age that people most migrate are between 18 and 25 years old because they came to study and get a good job meaning that they can get lots of money just for working. This affects population by house prices increase due to not enough land being found/built meaning that there is more tax and rent being paid to the government. It makes the city overcrowded and there is more congestion/pollution being made in its city.
Explain how different migration patterns (from different areas of the world) has increased diversity
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Explained how and why employment has varied in these sectors: Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Employment structures can also change over time within the same country.
In the UK in 1,800 most people would have been employed in the primary sector. Many people worked on the land, and made their living from agriculture and related products.
During the industrial revolution, more people were needed to build ships, work in steel making and with textiles. All of these jobs are found in the secondary sector. By 1900 over half of the workers in the UK were employed in secondary industries.
Since 1900 mechanisation meant that less people were required to work on the land and in industry, as machines could carry out most of the work that people previously did.
Foreign industries also became more competitive and imports such as coal became more affordable. As the availability of coal declined in the UK, and also became more expensive to extract more coal was imported. This led to a further decline in primary sector employment in the UK.
The demand for work increased in schools, hospitals and retail industries. Many people left the rural areas in the search for jobs in the towns and cities. By the year 2000 over half of the UK workforce were employed in tertiary industries and only a small number were employed in primary industries. This has changed the work that people do, and also where they work. Quaternary industries are a relatively new concept, and it is only recently that they have been added to these figures. However it is becoming an important and growing sector in the UK as many firms want to carry out research and development for their products.
Explain how the decline in secondary industry has occurred in Burnley
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Explain how tertiary and quaternary industry has boomed in South Wales
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What is FDI and what are examples of it
FDI is foreign direct investment. It means where a company based in one country can invest money in a different country. The examples are
Three things have increased FDI into the UK. Explain these and why they encouraged investors to invest into the UK
The three things that have been increasing in the UK are globalisation, free trade polices and privatisation.
FDI into the UK has been good for some things because…
… it is growing in the UK meaning that it rose from £726 billion in 2010 to £1065 billion in 2014. This suggests that it is good for the UK.
FDI into the UK has been bad for some things because…
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