3.2 – Urbanisation is result of socio economic processes and change

Question 1

1. Why is urbanisation happening so quickly in some places (2 factors)

Answer 1

Without notes:

Urbanisation is happening quickly in some places because a lot of people tend to migrate to urban cities e.g. London from rural areas. This means they can look for more jobs, education and there is better healthcare. Lack of healthcare (push factor).

With notes:

Lack of healthcare is a push factor because many people migrate to urban areas e.g. London. This will lead them to have a wealthier and life expectancy will increase (10 years longer to live in urban than rural). A pull factor could be better access to education because in rural areas there is less education whereas in urban areas there is better education.

Question 2

2. What is rural to urban migration

Answer 2

Without notes:

Rural to urban migration is where people leave rural areas to go to a different urban city.

With notes:

Rural to urban migration is the process of people leave rural areas to go to a different urban city.

Question 3

Give definitions and examples of push and pull factors

Answer 3

Without notes:

Push factors: drives people away from living standard. Examples: lack of healthcare, education, jobs

Pull factors: drives people to a more attractive and desirable place usually a city. Examples: more jobs, interconnected, better healthcare and education.

With notes:

Push factors: Push factors are the reasons why people leave an area. They include:

lack of services
lack of safety
high crime
crop failure
drought
flooding
poverty
war

Pull factors: Pull factors are the reasons why people move to a particular area. They include:

higher employment
more wealth
better services
good climate
safer, less crime
political stability
more fertile land
lower risk from natural hazards

Question 4

Explain the reasons why cities in Developing countries such as Kampala (Uganda) are growing?

Answer 4

Without notes:

There is natural increase in population and migration.

With notes:

There is more jobs available in the city, for example 80% of people work in the informal sector. Formal sector is growing slowly. The people who are migrating are disproportionately young which will lead to higher increase in population. As there is better access to healthcare, birth rates are higher than death rates. Therefore population increases.

Question 5

Explain the reasons why some cities in Developed countries such as New York and London are growing?

Answer 5

Without notes:

There is more young people migrating to look for education and jobs etc. This increases population. Also there is better healthcare so life expectancy is most likely to increase.

With notes:

increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates
improved health care in many developing countries leading to longer life expectancies
employment opportunities are greater
better paid jobs in the cities, an expected higher standard of living, and more reliable food are all pull factors - reasons why people are attracted to the city
people who migrate to towns and cities tend to be young adults and therefore have higher birth rates
better medical conditions compared to the countryside mean more successful births and a better life expectancy

Question 6

Contrast the growth in New York and Kampala – are there different reasons?

Answer 6

Without notes:

Question 7

Explain the reasons why some cities in Developed countries such as Detroit/Hull are shrinking?

Answer 7

Without notes:

Question 8

Define informal and formal employment

Answer 8

Without notes:

Informal employment: unofficial and unregulated economy. People have no employment rights.

Formal employment: official and meets law standards.

With notes:

Informal economy – is an unofficial and unregulated economy, where no records are kept. People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights.

Formal economy – is an official economy and meets legal standards for accounts, taxes and workers’ pay and conditions.

Question 9

Give an example of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary job

Answer 9

?

Question 10

Explain how the economy changes as a country develops (developing- emerging- developed) to consider: formal and informal, sectors (P, S, T, Q), working conditions etc

Answer 10

?