Paper 2 (UK): Topic 5 – UK’s Evolving Human Landscape. EQ1 - why are places and people changing in the UK? 5.1 -5.2 Flashcards
Compare the population density in the urban core and rural areas
The population density in the urban core areas have a higher concentration of economic activity-60% of jobs in cities are found there.
The main employment opportunities are in the tertiary sector (e.g. retail and finance) and in manufacturing (e.g. electronics and food and drink).
Lots of people live in cities because there are more jobs available there, which suggests that they are often better paid due to more people wanting good jobs.
The population density in rural areas usually have fewer job opportunities due to lower population.
There is more primary industry-e.g. farming, forestry, fishing and quarrying.
Some areas also have a seasonal tourism industry, e.g. cafes and hotels in the Lake District National Park in northern England.
Some rural settlements that are near urban areas have become commuter settlements-people live there and travel into urban areas for work bases.
Compare how the following: Economic activity (jobs); Sectors of work; Pay levels; Age structure differ between urban cores and rural areas
In urban core the economic activity (jobs) suggests that there are more job opportunities available to young people. This is due to migration. In rural areas the economic activity (jobs) suggests that some rural areas have high levels of poverty. This suggests that they are struggling to grow economically. There are few employment opportunities because they are difficult to farm, have few natural resources and there are retired people living there (old age population density).
In urban core the sectors of work is very different to rural areas meaning that there are bigger businesses, charities, retail parks, construction and bigger transport companies E.T.C. This suggests that there will be more job opportunities available and a good pay rise to younger people. In rural areas the sectors of work aren’t as vast because there are not as many job opportunities due to lower income and less population density.
In urban core the pay levels is quite high. This suggests that there are more people living there meaning that there often better paid jobs available to young and middle aged people. Also more jobs are found there depending on what you are looking for-some could be in urban and some in rural e.g farming is found in rural areas. The younger move to urban core because they can get a well paid job, whereas the old people move to rural areas as it is more peaceful and relaxing. In rural areas the pay level is low. This suggests that are less job opportunities available because there are mostly old retired people living there, meaning that the young people have moved to urban core to get a high paid job. Also it depends on population density.
The age structure in urban core is young (age 18-50). This suggests that there are more young people trying to find a well paid job or good education meaning that they can be successful/there are skilled jobs to work for in the future. The age structure in rural areas is old (age 60+). This suggests that old people want to move out of urban core cities to rural areas meaning they want somewhere relaxing and peaceful environment.
Explain two problems found in rural areas
The two problems found in rural areas are job losses and decline in services. In job losses, Several factors have led to a decline in employment in rural areas. The mechanisation of agriculture means less people are needed to work on the land. Raw materials which may have been mined are becoming exhausted, so mines are closing. Imported food and raw materials also decreases the demand from the countryside. In decline in services, the depopulation in remote areas means the local services decline. Independent stores and post offices become less profitable because of rural depopulation. Bus services may decline leaving the elderly cut off.
How have UK/EU policies tried to reduce differences in
wealth between urban and rural areas
?
Enterprise zones; Transport; Regional development
?
