Pan-Africanism Flashcards
Who were the Sons of Africa?
An abolitionist group who sought to bring an end to slavery.
Which Sons of Africa campaigner published an influential autobiography in 1789 which helped aid the passage of the 1807 Slave Trade Act?
Olaudah Equiano
What success did Ottobah Cugoano have in campaigning against slavery?
- His first published attack on slavery in 1787 was sent to George III, the Prince of Wales and to Edmund Burke. It received widespread attention
- In 1786, Cugoano was able to use links to Granville Sharp to prevent Henry Demane being shipped back to the West Indies.
What successes were there against colonialism in the ethiopian movement?
- Napo and Mokone led groups who were able to break away from the Anglican and Methodist Churches in Southern Africa in 1888 and 1892 respectively
- Ethiopia resisted Italian annexation in 1896
Who is deemed the father of pan-Africanism for his intellectual works on the matter? Which figures did his ideas influence?
Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912)
Marcus Garvey, George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah
Who set up the African Association in 1897? What was its aim?
A Trinidian Barrister Henry Sylvester Williams
It aimed to encourage unity among Africans and promote and protect their interests
How did the African Association seek to fulfil its objective?
By publishing studies, news reports and appeals to imperial and local government, in an attempt to strengthen the rights of colonised Africans. This brought them enthusiastic responses from Africans.
How did William’s Pan-African Association fail?
Its monthly magazine, the Pan-African, only appeared once.
The organisation dissolved itself when Williams left for the Caribbean in 1901.
William’s attempt to re-establish the organisation were unsuccessful
What was UNIA? What did it achieve in 1920?
The Universal Negro Improvement and Conservation Association founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 in Jamaica. It promoted race pride and encouraged pan-Africanism.
In 1920, it created the International Conventions of the Negro Peoples of the World which adopted the pan-African flag.
What were some failures associated with UNIA?
- It was met with little success in Jamaica
- A race riot in Illinois led Garvey to then re-form the organisation in New York in 1918
- It was unable to make Liberia a UNIA colony to repatriate western blacks to Africa due to pressure from the US, British and French Governments
- African Blood Brotherhood questioned Garvey’s leadership and the idea of building an African empire
What successes were associated with UNIA?
- Its weekly newspaper, The Negro World, circulated around the globe and was banned from colonies by colonial officials. This reflects its influence.
- By 1920, UNIA had over 1000 divisions in 40 countries
- Became one of the largest organisations in the Pan-African liberation movements
Who sought to revive the Pan-African Congress during the 1919 Versaille Peace Conference?
W.E.B Du Bois
What were the limitations of Du Bois’ Pan-African Congress in 1919?
- There were few representatives from West Africa and none from the West Indies
- Colonial representatives defended policies
- The adopted congress resolution tended toward moderation and gradual reform rather than immediate independence
How did Du Bois improve the second Pan-African Congress in 1921?
- He ensured to have a stronger representation of West Africans there
- The resolution came out more forcefully for self-government and other anti-colonial measures
How did Du Bois’ Pan-African Association fare?
Not particularly well
