Indian Independence Flashcards
Where did the 1857 Indian mutiny take place?
in the upper Gangetic plane and central India
When and why was Bengal partioned?
1905, in order to improve administrative efficiency
Why was the partition of Bengal reversed in 1911?
Due to public outcry at it - it was seen as a way to disrupt nationalist movement in Bengal and divide Hindus and Muslims
Where was Indian unrest particularly prominent during the first world war?
Bengal and the Punjab
What did the moderate and extremist groups in the INC both demand from Britain after the war?
Rewards for having contributed greatly to the British war effort
What announcement did Edward Montagu give to parliament in August 1917?
He announced that the path for Britain in India was towards responsible government
What were the 1919 Rowlatt Acts? What response did they provoke?
Rowlatt Acts gave the Viceroy powers to silence the press and detain political activists without trial
There was a widespread general strike to this
How many men, women and children took part in the Amritsar massacre? How many did Dyer kill after he ordered the crowd to be shot at?
15,000 took part and 379 died
What were the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919?
Set up a system of Dyarchy in India. Provinces had control of education, health and agriculture. Britain still however maintained power of finance, taxation and security
When did Gandhi return to India? What was his key policy in the nationalist movement?
1915 - Civil Disobedience
When was Gandhi imprisoned by the British, recognising the threat he posed?
1922
What was Gandhis famous march in 1930? What was its purpose?
The Salt March
Its purpose was to bring wider parts of India into the national movement e.g. Gandhi walked 400km and gave many speeches to the people he met along the way
What was the British response to the Salt March and civil disobedience? What was the response of the international community?
Britain disapproved of the march and imprisoned 100,000 people during the course of civil disobedience.
International community gave the Salt March widespread coverage and popularised Gandhi’s movement
What was the Government of India Act 1935?
Attempted to set up a loosely federal state with provinces having autonomy. Britain only maintained control over the army, foreign affairs but still withheld the right to suspend responsible government.
How did the Congress Party do in the 1937 elections?
They dominated by winning a majority in 5 provinces and gaining an upper hand in 2 further ones
