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British Empire > Indian Rebellion > Flashcards

Indian Rebellion Flashcards

1
Q

When did a mob burn down a new telegraph office in Barrackpore? What was the cause of this?

A

January 1857 - it was a reaction to the extent of change under and control of the British

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2
Q

Why did Aristocrats have reason to oppose British control?

A

Since they had lost control of land, taxes and opportunities to find markets for surplus crops when the British arrived. For example, British imposed high taxes for peasants in Oudh which weakened the landowners profit making capabilities.

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3
Q

Under what doctrine, did the British annex territories which didn’t have a lineal male heir or a competent ruler?

A

The doctrine of Lapse

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4
Q

When was Oudh (a key theatre of rebellion) annexed under the doctrine of Lapse?

A

1856

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5
Q

What could be a reason for the rebellion occuring in Northern India?

A

Northern India had a long tradition of disorder and resistance to government

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6
Q

What is key evidence against political reasons driving the rebellion?

A

The fact that the rebels lacked a strong, single leadership, direction and ideology e.g. the Hindus in Delhi wanted to reinstate Maratha influence whereas some Muslims wanted to instate the Bahadur Shah as Emperor of India.

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7
Q

What was discovered in 1832?

A

A conspiracy to massacre Europeans in Bangelore

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8
Q

What was the 1832 Bangelore conspiracy founded on?

A

Fears of the mass conversaion of Muslims to Christianity

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9
Q

What did Muslims and high-caste Hindus oppose in the Bengal army? Why?

A

The recruitment of sepoys from the Sindh and Punjab since this endangered the traditionial status of Brahmin sepoys born in Oudh being soldiers (which was their only honorable work).

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10
Q

What had prompted the recruitment of sepoys from the Sindh and Punjab? What had the British introduced in 1856 to bring the Bengal army into line?

A

The fact that the Bengal army refused to serve abroad (they felt that they would lose their high caste status if they did). The General Service Enlistment act (which proscribed compulsory fighting abroad if necessary) was an attempt to combat this and was met with much discontent.

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11
Q

What cultural practices had William Bentinck removed in 1829 to some Indian disapproval?

A

Thagi and Sati

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12
Q

What was Thomas Macaulay’s role in the anglicisation of India?

A

He was on the supreme council of India from 1834-1838; he stressed the teaching in English with English texts. English based schools were subsequently introduced in India.

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13
Q

In what province were Christian missions and English Colleges seen as an intrusion on Indian culture?

A

In Oudh

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14
Q

What was the spark for the Indian rebellion?

A

A rumour abat pig and cow fat being used as a lubricant in the Enfield rifle cartridges. Since the soldiers had to bite the cartridges, this was seen as an infraction on Hindusim and Islam, in which one cannot eat cows and pigs respectively.

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15
Q

How many Sikhs and Gurkhas fought with the British during the rebellions?

A

23,000

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16
Q

Who said the following quote: “It is impossible for us, with our limited means to attempt to educate the body of the people”

A

Thomas Macaulay

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17
Q

By 1820, how many East India Company employees had married Indian women?

A

1/7

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18
Q

When was Oudh annexed? Who did this anger?

A

1856 - this angered the Begum of Oudh (Harat Mahal) who deemed himself to be the legitimate ruler of the province

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19
Q

Which state did Dalhousie annex in 1848? Which other two did he annex in 1854?

A

Satara

Nagpur and Jhansi

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20
Q

How did the British manage to anger the Maharaja of Bithoor (near Cawnpore)?

A

The British refused to pay Nana Sahib (the Maharaja of Bithoor) a pension despite having them given his father one after the Third Anglo-Maratha War

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21
Q

When did Mangel Pandey rebel? What was the response of the other sepoys in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry at Barrackpore?

A

29th March 1857. All sepoys except one refused to arrest/stop him.

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22
Q

What was the name of the sepoy who restrained Pandey?

A

Shaikh Paltu

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23
Q

When was the 34th Bengal Native Infantry disbanded and Mangel Pandey sentenced to death?

A

April 1857

24
Q

What was the mutiny in Meerut on 24th April about?

A

85/90 men of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry refused to carry out drills with the new cartridges on their rifles.

25
Q

When were the mutinous Bengal Light Cavaliers sentenced to 10 years imprisonment with hard labour?

A

9th May

26
Q

What did the senior officers in Meerut do when they heard about plans to release the 85 imprisoned soldiers?

A

They ignored them

27
Q

What happened on the 10th May in Meerut?

A

The sepoys freed the 85 imprisoned comrades and rebelled. Junior officers were killed and they attacked the officer and civilian quarters there.

28
Q

Why were the rebels less successful in Lucknow?

A

Sir Henry Lawrence had fortified his position there as he had suspected a rebellion would occur.

29
Q

After 90 days of sieging, how many loyal sepoys and British soldiers were left in Lucknow?

A

300 loyal sepoys and 350 British soldiers

30
Q

Who attempted to relieve Lucknow on 25th September but was forced to join the garrison?

A

Henry Havelock

31
Q

Who was the commander in chief who attempted to relieve the garrison at Lucknow in October?

A

Colin Campbell

32
Q

How were the rebels in Lucknow ultimately defeated in March 1848?

A

Campell with a large Nepalese contingent drove the rebel army from Lucknow

33
Q

Why was the Campbell’s counter in March 1848 not entirely successful?

A

Many resistors dispersed and Campbell was forced to quell small areas of rebellion throughout the summer and autumn of 1848

34
Q

Why did the sepoys from Meerut go to Delhi after having rebelled there on the 10th?

A

They sought to have the Bahadur Shah agree to be their leader as the next “Emperor of India”. He agreed on the 11th May.

35
Q

Why was it difficult for the British to take action against the rebels in Delhi?

A

Those who didn’t initially rebel refused to take action against the rebels

36
Q

What action undertaken by the British provoked more Delhi Indians to defect to the side of the rebels?

A

The British blew up their arsenal which protected their weapons but also destroyed a large part of the surrounding area. This enflamed the Indians there.

37
Q

What shows that the rebellion in Delhi lacked unity?

A
  • There was a faction who backed the Bahadur Shah
  • There was a faction comprised of the Hindu Marathas
  • The Awadhis (people of Oudh) wanted to retain the powers of the Nawabs
  • There were even some calls for a Jihb by Muslim leadders such as Maulana Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
38
Q

Over what period did the British siege of Delhi span?

A

July to September 1847

39
Q

What was the fundamental problem with the British siege on Delhi in the first place?

A

The British lacked sufficient troops to enact a comprehensive siege - namely the rebels were still able to receive resources and reinforcements due to the gaps in the siege forces

40
Q

What had enabled the British to begin a siege in July?

A

The driving back of the rebels to Delhi at Badli-ke-Serai by the British contingent, with the help of two Gurkha Units under contract from the kingdom of Nepal

41
Q

Troops from where had been moved to help aid the effort against the rebellion in Delhi?

A

China and the Crimea

42
Q

What strengthened the siege forces on the 14th August?

A

The arrival of the Punjab columns after the suppression of rebellions in the region there. The column was comprised of Sikhs, Pashtuns and British.

43
Q

When did the storming of Delhi begin? What happened to the Bahadur Shah?

A

14th September 1857

The Bahadur Shah was arrested and his sons were killed

44
Q

Why did the joining of the Punjab column to the Delhi siege forces turn out to be so useful?

A

Because many of the British soldiers were killed during the close combat fighting in Delhi. This showed how many people were required to re-capture the city.

45
Q

Why was the three week siege on Cawnpore so successful?

A

Becuse General Wheeler had not been prepared for a rebellion. He thought his respectable reputation amongst the population and marriage to a high-caste Indian women would prevent a rebellion occuring. This meant the soldiers lacked food, water and reinforcements.

46
Q

What occured on the 27th June 1857 in Cawnpore?

A

The Europeans of the centre went to the docks, after having been granted safe passage by Nana Sahib. There, they were ambushed and massacred - only 4 survived (even women and children were killed)

47
Q

Why was the massacre in Cawnpore somewhat counter-productive for the rebels?

A

It provoked outrage in Britain and in the British government. It made them more determined to quash the rebellions.

48
Q

Which company force retook Cawnpore by the 15th July 1857?

A

The company force from Allahabad

49
Q

When did Colin Campbell defeat the attempt to retake Cawnpore? What enabled him to do so?

A

November 1857

He used forces from Lucknow and Alambagh to help

50
Q

By the end of June 1857, what area had the rebels gained significant control in? What was the problem with these rebel bands?

A

Bundelkhand and Eastern Rajasthan

The rebels undertook warring between themselves

51
Q

Which two Rajas, fighting for the British, tried to attack Jhansi, which had been taken over by the Rani there in June? (September and October)

A

The Rajas of Datia and Orchha

52
Q

When did Sir Hugh Rose with the Central India Field Force capture Jhansi?

A

March 1858

53
Q

Who capture Gwalior on the 1st June 1858?

A

The Rani of Jhansi who had evaded capture in March.

54
Q

When was Gwalior recaptured by the Central India Field Force?

A

20th June 1858

55
Q

What were the reasons for the rebels initial success in the rebellion?

A
  • Sympathy for the rebel cause
  • Small British troop numbers
  • Unprepared British
  • Rebel Trickery
56
Q

What were the reasons for the British ultimate victory in the rebellion?

A
  • Effective troop movement and mobilisation
  • Lack of rebel coordination
  • No national support for the rebellion

British Empire (45 decks)

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