Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Israel, the Arab World and the Palestinians > Palestinian refugees, PLO and Armed Struggle > Flashcards

Palestinian refugees, PLO and Armed Struggle Flashcards

1
Q

What fraction of refugee ended up in Gaza?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the PLO formed and with what goal?

A

1964 - to sideline and contain them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of PCOI were “infiltrators”?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

On what did Zurayk’s foundational text blame the Palestinians’ defeat?

A

Arab backwardness vs modern industrialised West - Palestinians chubs expression of Arab moral and material collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Arabist party was distinguished by its focus on palestineV

A

MAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was one of MAN’s core weaknesses?

A

Obsession with ideological rigour - doctrinaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who founded MAN and when?

A

Habash, Beirut with AUB students in early 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the demographics of MAN’s membership?

A

Membership, if not leadership, encompassed all classes - popula base in camps and recruited in schools and universities. But overall narrow social base and increasingly sect oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who argues that the Palestinian leadership which emerged in te 1960s was radical for the whole region - new standard of leadership, organisation, mass support

A

El Rayyes and Nahas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How different was the core ideology of PLO?

A

Not very argue El Rayyes and Nahas - as interpreted by PLO and fateh leaders. Similar to traditional liberal-bourgeois nationalism of Mandate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who has documented the rise of a younger, more radical and nationalist leadership in the 1970s, with 1976 mayor election triumph?

A

Ma’oz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who argues there was the continued inability of the national leadership to function in the OPT?

A

Yazigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does khalidi argue happened in 50s and 60s?

A

Generational change - represented shift from failed elitist politics of notables - beginning of modern mass based politics. Important social change in leadership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is a critical Palestinian of Arafat? Why?

A

Abureish - subservient dictator. Blames Arafat and his background for failure to negotiate a better deal. Condemns methods commonly used by Arafat including patronage, corruption, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which Zionist historian squarely places the blame for the perpetuation of the conflict on Arafat’s shoulders?

A

Karsh - incorrigible terrorist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who argues that Arafat’s main success was manipulating and coordinating various groups?

A

Agha, Hussein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was the status of fatah/PLO by 1970?

A

Richest, most successful and structurally most sophisticated of guerrilla movements. Extensive control of PNA and PLO exec committee. Virtual state within a state in Jordan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two core tenets of Fatahs ideology?

A

Centrality of armed struggle and Palestinian identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What challenge was posed to pan-Arabism in 1961?

A

Syria-Egypt union ruptured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who argues that one of the most important of Fatahs achievements was the revival of Palestinian national identity?

A

Cobban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does khalidi argue was a major success in this period?

A

Recognition of PLO as sole rep of Palestinians - unrivalled and universal > unprecedented

22
Q

In what paradigmatic context does Nassar place armed struggle?

A

Colonialism and nationalism - former breeds violence when mixed with latter

23
Q

What armed group was sponsored by Syria?

A

Sa’eqa

24
Q

When were the first terrorist attacks?

A

1964

25
Q

Who or what were originally blamed for the early terrorist attacks?

A

CIA, communism, MB

26
Q

Who argues there was much debate before armed struggle was eventually approved within PLO in October 1964?

A

Frangi - many argued it was too early - needed to be a mass movement

27
Q

Name one figure who opposed resumption of armed struggle after ‘67?

A

Abu obeida

28
Q

What was the importance of the fedayeen according to Frangi?

A

Myth of fedayeen embodied courage and aspirations of Arab nation

29
Q

What umbrella group of guerrilla fighters was formed? What did it later become?

A

Palestine armed struggle command then Unified Command for the Palestinian resistance movement

30
Q

What covenant was revised to match commitment to armed struggle?

A

Article 9 of covenant

31
Q

Who argues that adoption of violence as chief strategic tool was unifying?

A

El Rayyes and Nahas

32
Q

Over what were there big divisions, related to armed struggle?

A

Who to target - pfLp etc favoured western imperialism not immediate enemy, zionists

33
Q

Why did the PFLP continue to use violence in the 1970s?

A

Climate of demobilisation - hoped to rekindle revolutionary spirit, destabilise security position and make voices of rejectionists heard

34
Q

When was there a major conflict with Jordan?

A

1970

35
Q

What was the Battle of Karameh popularly known as? When was it?

A

Battle of honour. 1968

36
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Karameh?

A

Major morale boost. Aura of invincibility. Influx food new members increased military potential but also made possible greater political differentiation and establishment f political and social institutions. Est. Of politics dept with newspapers, books, etc. Political and organisation foundations laid on which PLO was build

37
Q

Who is a pro Zionist critic of the nationalist movement and its armed struggle?

A

Rubin - blind terrorism

38
Q

Who criticises Palestinian terrorism and calls it such?

A

Sayigh

39
Q

What does Sayigh argue fatah fundamentally failed to understand, with serious consequences?

A

Appeal of Zionism and nature of evolving Jewish society

40
Q

Who takes an ahistorical approach to the PLO?

A

Rubin

41
Q

What were the “benefits” of armed struggle according to Sayigh?

A

Tool of Nation building: network and infrastructure; parallel system of government with monopoly of violence; useful political currency; psychological impact for reviews esp

42
Q

Why does Frangi argue armed resistance was ineffective?

A

Without independent Palestinian leadership and political goals

43
Q

Who argues arms resistance enabled a national renaissance?

A

Gresh

44
Q

In what was the dual approach taken by fatah clearly reflected?

A

Pamphlet entitled “political and armed struggle”

45
Q

What did the PLO announce in 1974?

A

“Phased plan” - establish palestinian sovereignty on any part of land

46
Q

What did Arafat announce in 1988?

A

Recognised Israel’s right to exist in peace, rejection of all terrorism, desire for peace permanent and not a tactic

47
Q

What did the PLO call for in 1981? (Fez summit peace plan?)

A

Palestinian state in g and wb and emphasis on political stuff me

48
Q

What did the PLO consider in 1982?

A

Confederation with Jordan - Nassar - highlights pragmatism and flexibility

49
Q

What was set up In Gaza, lasting between 1948-58?

A

All Palestine government

50
Q

Who identifies the exodus from Beirut in 1982 as the end of policy of violent means to achieve independence?

A

Abu Lughod - shift to sustaining, supporting and fostering national institutions in WBG while waging diplomatic struggle

51
Q

Who questions the plo’s political courage in tackling the problem of armed resistance ?

A

Gresh

52
Q

When did the PLO refuse to condemn attacks by the PFLP?

A

1974

Israel, the Arab World and the Palestinians (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions